High levels of extra-pair paternity in Superb Fairy-wrens in South Australia despite low frequency of auxiliary males

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Colombelli-Négrel ◽  
Beth E. Schlotfeldt ◽  
Sonia Kleindorfer
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

Low frequency of extra-pair paternity in Common Gulls (Larus canus) as revealed by DNA fingerprinting

1998 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bukacińska ◽  
Dariusz Bukaciński ◽  
Jörg Thomas Epplen ◽  
Klaus Peter Sauer ◽  
Thomas Lubjuhn
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

Prognostic differences of RAS mutations: Results from South Australian (SA) metastatic colorectal (mCRC) registry.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4067-4067
Author(s):  
Timothy Jay Price ◽  
Cynthia Piantadosi ◽  
Amanda Rose Townsend ◽  
Rob Padbury ◽  
Amitesh Chandra Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ras Mutation ◽  
Ras Mutations ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Frequent Mutations ◽  
Early Phase Clinical Trials ◽  
Population Based Registry

4067 Background: Effective targeting of RAS mutations has proven elusive until recently. AMG 510, a novel agent which targets KRAS G12C mutations (G12C MT), has shown promise in early phase clinical trials that included patients with mCRC. Prior reports have suggested that G12C MT may be predictive of poor outcome. Methods: We aimed to assess the prognostic implications of individual RAS in a population-based registry. The SAmCRCR collects data from all patients diagnosed with mCRC in South Australia prospectively. Individual RAS mutation data from patients entered into the SAmCRCR between February 2006 and December 2018 was reviewed. Survival was analysed for the more frequent mutations using Kaplan Meier method. Results: 1605 (33%) of the 4905 patients entered onto the registry had RAS mutation results available. Of these, 658 (41%) had RAS MT. The nature of the RAS MT was available in 563 (85.7% of those with RAT MT). Patient characteristics, frequency of individual RAS MT and median overall survival (OS) per RAS MT are noted in table. Low frequency MT made up an additional 16.3%. There were numerical differences in survival however there was no statistical difference in survival when comparing the various RAS MT, including the comparison of G12C to G12S (p = 0.38). Conclusions: Whilst the G12S mutation was associated with the longest survival numerically, the observed survival for patients with the most common RAS mutations (G12C, G12V, G12A, G12D and G13D) did not significantly differ. [Table: see text]

LOW FREQUENCY OF EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY AND HIGH FREQUENCY OF ADOPTION IN BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES

The Condor ◽  
10.1650/7337 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Helfenstein ◽  
Claire Tirard ◽  
Etienne Danchin ◽  
Richard H. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

scholarly journals Multiple and Extra-Pair Mating in a Pair-Living Hermaphrodite, the Intertidal Limpet Siphonaria gigas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L B Schaefer ◽  
John H Christy ◽  
Peter B Marko
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

Synopsis Pair-living is a common social system found across animal taxa, and the relationship between pair-living and reproduction varies greatly among species. Siphonaria gigas, hermaphroditic pulmonate gastropods, often live in pairs in the rocky intertidal zone of the tropical Eastern Pacific. Combining genetic parentage analysis using four polymorphic microsatellite loci with behavioral observations from a 10-week field study, we provide the first description of the mating system of a Siphonaria species incorporating genetic data. S. gigas mated both within-pair and extra-pair and three out of four paired S. gigas individuals produced egg masses with extra-pair paternity. Multiple paternity was detected, but at a relatively low frequency (19% of egg masses) compared to other marine gastropods. Behavioral data indicate one potential advantage of pair-living: paired S. gigas produced almost twice as many egg masses as their solitary counterparts over four reproductive cycles. These observations, together with constraints on the movement of S. gigas, suggest that pairing may ensure mate access and increase reproductive success.

scholarly journals Sudden Changes in Amplitude and Phase of the Very-Low-Frequency Signal from Station GBR at Salisbury, South Australia

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 197 (4869) ◽  
pp. 783-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ROHAN ◽  
L. L. ANDERSON ◽  
D. J. COOKE
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Frequency Signal ◽  
Very Low Frequency

Low frequency of extra-pair paternity in Savi's Warblers (Locustella luscinioides)

Behaviour ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Hasselquist ◽  
Bengt Hansson ◽  
Júlio Neto
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Locustella Luscinioides

AbstractAlthough the frequency of extra-pair paternity (EPP) has been described for many species, the relative importance of the various contemporary and historical factors explaining EPP variation is still the subject of debate. In this study, we found 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Savi's Warbler (Locustella luscinioides), and used eight loci to analyze the paternity of 392 nestlings belonging to 102 broods of this little-known species. The frequency of EPP was 4.1% of nestlings and 5.9% of broods, which is surprisingly low given what is known about Savi's Warbler's life history and ecology, and among the lowest found of any socially-monogamous passerine bird. Comparisons with similar species indicate that this low frequency is unlikely to have been determined by the ancient evolution of life history strategies. Our observations suggest that the costs of engaging in extra-pair copulations might be high for the females. Larger males, particularly those with longer bill and tarsus, are more likely to be cuckolded; and the few possible comparisons between cuckolded males and extrapair sires reveal a similar pattern. We further show that bill and tarsus lengths correlate with arrival date, which is associated with individual quality in many migratory bird species.

Breeding synchrony does not affect extra-pair paternity in great reed warblers

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn von Schantz ◽  
Debora Arlt ◽  
Staffan Bensch ◽  
Dennis Hasselquist ◽  
Bengt Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Acrocephalus Arundinaceus ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Breeding Synchrony ◽  
Mate Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polygynous Mating System

AbstractBreeding synchrony is hypothesised to influence the occurrence and frequency of extra-pair fertilisations (EPFs) in birds irrespective of the social mating system. The two proposed hypotheses make opposite predictions. (1) Synchronous breeding leads to a lower frequency of EPFs because males face a trade-off between mate guarding and obtaining additional matings via extra-pair copulations (EPCs) ('guarding constraint' hypothesis). (2) Synchronous breeding promotes EPFs because females are able to compare displaying males simultaneously, which provides them with more reliable cues for extra-pair mate choice ('mate assessment' hypothesis). In a study of great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) from 1987-1998, annual breeding was asynchronous and the frequency of EPFs was rather low (extra-pair young occurring in 6.4% of the broods). Within this population, however, there was no relationship between the frequency of EPFs and breeding synchrony, thus not favouring any of the two hypotheses. Contrary to assumptions of the hypotheses, mate guarding did not seem to constrain males from engaging in EPCs (disfavouring the 'guarding constraint' hypothesis), and females seem to have repeated opportunities to compare males irrespective of breeding synchrony (disfavouring the 'mate assessment' hypothesis). Our results suggest that breeding synchrony is not an important factor influencing patterns of EPFs in great reed warblers. The low frequency of EPFs may instead be explained by the socially polygynous mating system, where females are less constrained in their choice of a social male.

Low frequency of extra-pair paternity in pied flycatchers revealed by DNA fingerprinting

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan T. Lifjeld ◽  
Tore Slagsvold ◽  
Helene M. Lampe
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity
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