Speciation of Birds in Australia, New Guinea and the South-Western Pacific Islands

1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
The South

Corrigendum to: Rodent management issues in South Pacific islands: a review with case studies from Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Peter R. Brown ◽  
Ken P. Aplin ◽  
Lyn A. Hinds ◽  
Jens Jacob ◽  
Sarah E. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The South ◽  
South Pacific Islands ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Rodents are a key pest to agricultural and rural island communities of the South Pacific, but there is limited information of their impact on the crops and livelihoods of small-scale farmers. The rodent pest community is known, but the type and scales of damage to different crops on different islands are unknown. Knowledge about rodent pest management in other geographical regions may not be directly transferable to the Pacific region. Many studies on islands have largely focussed on the eradication of rodents from uninhabited islands for conservation benefits. These broadscale eradication efforts are unlikely to translate to inhabited islands because of complex social and agricultural issues. The livelihoods, culture and customs of poor small-scale farmers in the South Pacific have a large bearing on the current management of rodents. The aim of the present review was to describe the rodent problems, impacts and management of rodents on South Pacific islands, and identify gaps for further research. We compared and contrasted two case studies. The situation in Papua New Guinea is emergent as several introduced rodent species are actively invading new areas with wide-ranging implications for human livelihoods and conservation. In Vanuatu, we show how rodent damage on cocoa plantations can be reduced by good orchard hygiene through pruning and weeding, which also has benefits for the management of black pod disease. We conclude that (1) damage levels are unknown and unreported, (2) the impacts on human health are unknown, (3) the relationships between the pest species and their food sources, breeding and movements are not known, and (4) the situation in Papua New Guinea may represent an emergent crisis that warrants further investigation. In addition, there is a need for greater understanding of the invasive history of pest rodents, so as to integrate biological information with management strategies. Ecologically based rodent management can be achieved on Pacific Islands, but only after significant well funded large-scale projects are established and rodent ecologists are trained. We can learn from experiences from other locations such as Southeast Asia to guide the way.

A systematic revision of the mangrove genus Avicennia (Avicenniaceae) in Australasia*

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Duke
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Distribution Maps

In Australasia (including Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and other islands in the south-western Pacific) the mangrove genus Avicennia L. consists of five species: A. alba Bl., A. integra N. C. Duke, A. marina (Forsk.) Vierh., A. oficinalis L. and A. rumphiana Hallier f. Based on morphological characters and supported by allele patterns in isozyme studies (reported elsewhere), A. marina is divided into three varieties. Keys, descriptions, brief synonymy, descriptive figures and distribution maps are provided for each of the seven taxa.* Aust. Inst. Marine Sci. Contrib. No. 520.

South Pacific Commission

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-397
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
World Health ◽  
The South ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Entomological Research

The sixteenth session of the South Pacific Commission was held at headquarters in Nouméa from October 18 to November 8, 1956, under the chairmanship of His Excellency N. A. J. de Voogd, Senior Commissioner for the Netherlands. For the first time at a Commission session a memaber of a Pacific islands race, Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Ratu Edward Cakobau, O.B.E., M.C., Alternate Commissioner on the United Kingdom delegation, represented a participating government. The Commission, after reviewing arrangements for holding courses to train Pacific islanders in assisting themselves, approved plans for the South Pacific Fisheries Training Course, held at the Commission headquarters, November 19, 1956, to February 22, 1957, and a similar course in health education for about forty trainees in 1957 in cooperation with the World Health Organization. The Commission authorized continuation of the following programs: 1) entomological research in the campaign against the rhinoceros beetle; 2 development of fish farming and pond stocking; 3) field research and advice on mosquito control problems and mosquitoborne diseases; 4) the nutrition study, for which a basic survey of food habits and nutritional status was conducted in Papua, New Guinea, and Netherlands New Guinea in 1956; 5) assistance in the establishment of libraries, literature committees, and book shops by the Commission's Literature Bureau, which had stimulated the production of books, pamphlets, filmstrips, posters, leaflets, and flannelgraphs for the islanders during the previous two years; and 6) stimulation of interest in the formation and conduct of cooperative enterprises, the preparation of practical manuals on cooperation, and the planning of a technical meeting on cooperatives to be held in 1958.

scholarly journals Industrial Relations and Trade Unions in the South Pacific: Introduction

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Leckie
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The South ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Pacific

While recently on the island of Pohnpei in the South Pacific, I made enquires about labour relations there and was repeatedly infoxmed that there are none! The same answer might be given for several of the island states within the South Pacific but this would overlook that even if formal industrial relations Channels are weakly established, employment and labour relations issues are by no means absent from the Pacific Islands. This special issue developed from a perceived lack of analysis and infotmation about the background of and current trends in labour relations in the South Pacific. The countries represented here are selective. This reflects the selectivity of research in the Pacific, particularly in the field of industrial relations. The nations chosen are of special relevance to New Zealand and Australia and those with the most developed industrial relations structures (Fiji, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands) are included. Papua New Guinea and Fiji also have the biggest workforces in the region. In contrast, industrial Jielations in a small micro-state, Kiribati, are also analysed. It is regrettable that only one Polynesian country, Western Samoa, is discussed but this reflects the restricted role or absence (e.g., in Tonga) of fotrnal industrial relations in much of Polynesia. The papers also have not generally tackled their subjects from an employers' perspective, again an area of resean;h which has been virtually ignored in the South Pacific.

A revision of the Loranthaceae of New Guinea and the south-western Pacific

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The South

The Loranthaceae of New Guinea and the south-western Pacific comprise 12 genera, 59 species, 11 subspecies and 2 varieties. Of the species recorded, approximately one-half are endemic to the New Guinea mainland. About 20 other species are endemic in the area dealt with, most having distributions in New Guinea and adjacent islands. Nine species also occur in Australia, and five species extend to Indomalaya. Twelve species are described as new, viz. Amylotheca acuminatifolia, Lepeostegeres deciduus, Amyema angulare, A. apodum, A. brassii, A. canaliculatum, A. dilatipes, A. involvens, A. kebarense, Sogerianthe cupuliformis, Dendrophthoe pelagica and D. trichanthera. Five subspecies are described as new, viz. Amyema conspicuum subsp. fulvicalyx, A. scandens subsp. crassifolium, A. seemenianum subsp. flexuosum and A. wichmannii subspp. purum and aggregatum. One variety is described as new, viz. Macrosolen cochinchinensis var. lanceolatus. There are 15 new combinations, viz. Decaisnina djamuensis, D. micranthes, D. papuana, D. parvifolia, D. pedicellata, D. stenopetala, Amylotheca banksiana, Amyema scandens subsp. plicatulum, A. artense var. papuanum, A. seemenianum subsp. melastomifolium, A. squarrosum subsp. rhopalanthes, A. strongylophyllum subspp. rigidgorum and barbellatum, A. tetraflorum and .A. tetrapetalum. Chromosome numbers are given where known.

Rodent management issues in South Pacific islands: a review with case studies from Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Peter R. Brown ◽  
Ken P. Aplin ◽  
Lyn A. Hinds ◽  
Jens Jacob ◽  
Sarah E. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The South ◽  
South Pacific Islands ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Rodents are a key pest to agricultural and rural island communities of the South Pacific, but there is limited information of their impact on the crops and livelihoods of small-scale farmers. The rodent pest community is known, but the type and scales of damage to different crops on different islands are unknown. Knowledge about rodent pest management in other geographical regions may not be directly transferable to the Pacific region. Many studies on islands have largely focussed on the eradication of rodents from uninhabited islands for conservation benefits. These broadscale eradication efforts are unlikely to translate to inhabited islands because of complex social and agricultural issues. The livelihoods, culture and customs of poor small-scale farmers in the South Pacific have a large bearing on the current management of rodents. The aim of the present review was to describe the rodent problems, impacts and management of rodents on South Pacific islands, and identify gaps for further research. We compared and contrasted two case studies. The situation in Papua New Guinea is emergent as several introduced rodent species are actively invading new areas with wide-ranging implications for human livelihoods and conservation. In Vanuatu, we show how rodent damage on cocoa plantations can be reduced by good orchard hygiene through pruning and weeding, which also has benefits for the management of black pod disease. We conclude that (1) damage levels are unknown and unreported, (2) the impacts on human health are unknown, (3) the relationships between the pest species and their food sources, breeding and movements are not known, and (4) the situation in Papua New Guinea may represent an emergent crisis that warrants further investigation. In addition, there is a need for greater understanding of the invasive history of pest rodents, so as to integrate biological information with management strategies. Ecologically based rodent management can be achieved on Pacific Islands, but only after significant well funded large-scale projects are established and rodent ecologists are trained. We can learn from experiences from other locations such as Southeast Asia to guide the way.

Leptochelia Vatulelensis (Crustacea: Tanaidacea), A New Species From Anchialine Caves of the South-Western Pacific

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Modest Guţu ◽  
Thomas Iliffe
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Anchialine Caves ◽  
A New Species

Leptochelia Vatulelensis(Crustacea: Tanaidacea), A New Species From Anchialine Caves of the South-Western PacificLeptochelia vatulelensisn. sp., discovered on the small islands of Vatulele (Fijian group) and Ouvéa (Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia), is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished from the others of the"Leptochelia-dubiagroup" (to which it is generally similar) by the following combination of morphological characteristics: (1) the presence of three to four distal setae on the maxilliped basis; (2) merus of pereopods III and IV with only a distosternal seta; (3) endopod of the uropods formed of four (rarely three) articles; (4) males with two (sometimes three) relatively short aesthetascs on the first five articles of the antennular flagellum; (5) male cheliped with a diminished dimorphism; (6) males with a vertical comb-row of setae on the cheliped propodus. Although it inhabits inland, anchialine caves, the new species lacks morphological features that are characteristic of some cave species.

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