Phytochemical screening, toxicity and antimicrobial activity of different Mimosa tenuiflora extracts on Aeromonas strains

The indiscriminate use of synthetic veterinary drugs in fish farms for disease control has caused recurring environmental pollution and reduced productivity; however, the search for ecologically viable alternatives is increasing. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical characterization of the hexanic, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of black jurema (M. tenuiflora), and their antimicrobial activity against strains of Aeromonas, and acute toxicity (LC50) to fingerlings of O. niloticus. The isolates were identified, and phenotypic virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed. A. caviae, and A. veronii bv. veronii showed 75.0 - 87.5% positivity for the virulence factors tested, and resistance to the antimicrobials ampicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline of 67.0% and 50.0%, respectively. Phytochemical screening of black jurema extracts detected phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids/triterpenoids, with methanol proving to be more efficient in the extraction of metabolites. The methanolic and aqueous extracts showed moderate antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 250 μg mL-1, and the methanolic extract revealed an LC50 of 40 μg mL-1 for O. niloticus. This study demonstrated the efficiency of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of M. tenuiflora extracts, and their use in vivo in the treatment or prophylaxis in fish farming can be investigated to replace the use of synthetic antimicrobials.

An internet of things framework for real-time aquatic environment monitoring using an Arduino and sensors

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms in natural, controlled marine and freshwater environments. The real-time monitoring of aquatic environmental parameters is very important in fish farming. Internet of things (IoT) can play a vital role in the real-time monitoring. This paper presents an IoT framework for the efficient monitoring and effective control of different aquatic environmental parameters related to the water. The proposed system is implemented as an embedded system using sensors and an Arduino. Different sensors including pH, temperature, and turbidity, ultrasonic are placed in cultivating pond water and each of them is connected to a common microcontroller board built on an Arduino Uno. The sensors read the data from the water and store it as a comma-separated values (CSV) file in an IoT cloud named ThingSpeak through the Arduino microcontroller. To validate the experiment, we collected data from 5 ponds of various sizes and environments. After experimental evaluation, it was observed among 5 ponds, only three ponds were perfect for fish farming, where these 3 ponds only satisfied the standard reference values of pH (6.5-8.5), temperature (16-24 °C), turbidity (below 10 ntu), conductivity (970-1825 μS/cm), and depth (1-4) meter. At the end of this paper, a complete hardware implementation of this proposed IoT framework for a real-time aquatic environment monitoring system is presented.

Lunar Cycle Influences Production of Tilapia (Oreochromis spp) Eggs in an Intensive Outdoor Production System in the Tropics

A robust body of evidence has demonstrated that the lunar cycle plays an important role in the reproduction of fish living in natural environments. However, little is known about the influence of the moon on tilapia reproductive activity in intensive fish farming systems. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on the reproductive performance of tilapias in an intensive outdoor tropical production system in Latin America. Records of two tilapia strains (Nile tilapia [ Oreochromis niloticus; n = 75] and Red tilapia [ Oreochromis spp.; n = 1335]) reared in concrete tanks in a commercial fish farm were analyzed. Over a 3-year period, 60,136 captures were made in intervals of 12 to 14 days and 6,600 females were manually spawned. The number of females spawned and the volume of eggs collected from each tank ( n = 9) were recorded. Data was analyzed by the general linear model and means were compared by least squares means method. A very slight or no variation was observed when the lunar cycle was split into two halves (crescent and waning). The proportions of females spawned and the volume of eggs per spawned female and per female in the tank varied considerably across the eight periods of the lunar cycle, with greater values in the waning than in the crescent phase. A significantly greater proportion of tilapia spawned and yielded more eggs around the full moon than around the new moon and remaining days of the lunar cycle. The moon cycle affected the reproductive activity of tilapia, which were more reproductively active around the full moon and most of the waning phase.

Does Fish Farming Improve Household Nutritional Status? Evidence from Bangladesh

In the present study, nutritional status was assessed using dietary diversity of fish and non-fish farming households in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. It has determined the incidence of poverty in fish and non-fish farm households through a comparative analysis of family profile, food consumption, calories, and protein intake. A total of 420 farms were selected for data collection using structured questionnaires with 210 fish and 210 non-fish farm families. The study using both descriptive and functional analysis revealed that the respondent age of both farms was 45.10 years, family size was 5.70, average education was 4.64 schooling years, and average farm size was 0.514 hectares. As a result, due to the increase in household income, fish farm families improved their food consumption, calories, and protein intake in comparison with non-fish farms. On a direct calorie intake (DCI) basis, the overall absolute and hardcore poverty levels of fish farm households were 32 percent and 18 percent, respectively, while those of non-fish farm households were 22 percent and 10 percent, respectively. Therefore, the incidence of poverty was higher in non-fish farming families than in fish farming families. In principle, provision of various forms of government assistance through the Department of Fisheries (DOF) will further intensify and strengthen fish farming, which will easily bring fallow and uncultivated lands of the area under fish farming. Moreover, it is possible to inspire the younger generation through this research that will help them to become a fish farm-based entrepreneur. The main conclusion of the present study is that fish farming is more positively related to household income, family food intake, and nutritional status than any other type of farming.

Underwater Fish Detection and Counting Using Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network

Fish production has become a roadblock to the development of fish farming, and one of the issues encountered throughout the hatching process is the counting procedure. Previous research has mainly depended on the use of non-machine learning-based and machine learning-based counting methods and so was unable to provide precise results. In this work, we used a robotic eye camera to capture shrimp photos on a shrimp farm to train the model. The image data were classified into three categories based on the density of shrimps: low density, medium density, and high density. We used the parameter calibration strategy to discover the appropriate parameters and provided an improved Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) model. As a result, the enhanced Mask R-CNN model can reach an accuracy rate of up to 97.48%.

Penguatan usaha kelompok budidaya ikan tawar “Mujur Fish Farm” dimasa pandemi Covid-19 dengan membangun mindset and spirit entrepreneur

The rapid spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia led the government to impose physical distancing and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) resulting in declining sales activity. One of the business groups affected by Covid-19 is the Fish Farming Group "Mujur Fish Farm". This devotion aims to foster the mindset and spirit of entrepreneurs, as well as increase knowledge related to the right steps so that products can be sold. The implementation method uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) by involving the local community. The stage of implementation is through the stage of preparation, planning, implementation and evaluation, and assessment stages. The achievement of this activity is that group members know how to build an entrepreneur mindset in the Covid-19 pandemic by staying positive and creative. The rapid spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia led the government to impose physical distancing and Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) resulting in declining sales activity. One of the business groups affected by Covid-19 is the Fish Farming Group "Mujur Fish Farm". This devotion aims to foster the mindset and spirit of entrepreneurs, as well as increase knowledge related to the right steps so that products can be sold. The implementation method uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) by involving the local community. The stage of implementation is through the stage of preparation, planning, implementation and evaluation, and assessment stages. The achievement of this activity is that group members know how to build an entrepreneur mindset in the Covid-19 pandemic by staying positive and creative.

Using natural aluminosilicate (vermiculite) sorbent for purifying waste water from antibiotics

The problem of wastewater treatment from residual antibiotics is of particular relevance, since these drugs are used in many agricultural sectors. Antibiotics get into water, animal and human bodies, where they can accumulate negatively affecting health. The aim of this article is to study the possibility of using natural aluminosilicate vermiculite sorbent from the Koksharovskoye field (Primorsky Region) for purifying fish processing and fish farming enterprises’ waste water from antibiotics (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime and and ciprofloxacin) under static and dynamic conditions. The study was carried out on a model wastewater system with injected antibiotics. The purification ability of the model system using the method of spectrophotometric antibiotics detection is analyzed. Under static conditions, the total content of antibiotics varied from 0.25 mg to 1.00 mg per 1 g of sorbent. Under dynamic conditions, the antibiotic content was 0.025 mg per 1 g of sorbent. High values of absorption for all studied antibiotics, except for chloramphenicol, were achieved both in static and dynamic modes. For chloramphenicol, when examined under static conditions, the maximum absorption rate was 45% with the minimum total concentration of antibiotics. With an increase in the load on the sorbent, the degree of absorption decreased to 3%. Thus, vermiculite modified with 7% hydrochloric acid is a promising sorbent for cleaning water bodies from residual antibiotics.

An overview of family fish farming: social, politics and food security implications

One characteristic that can be observed in family farming is the diversity of activities that are carried out concurrently on the property, providing and guaranteeing products for personal consumption or sale over the course of the year. Fish farming, an activity destined for fish production, is often one of these activities developed by family farmers and contributes to the access to quality protein for rural families and to increase income. Furthermore, the techniques used for fish production in family farming can foment a sustainable form of production. However, the lack of incentives regarding extension projects, marketing barriers, the lack of integration of traditional communities in decision making, and the absence of adequate technical information for the reality of rural properties make this activity limited and even ineffective in some regions. The encouragement of this activity could provide family farmers with improved economic conditions and food security and, consequently, the reduction of poverty in rural areas. The present study originated from a bibliographic review that addresses the activity of fish production and its impacts on the development of rural family activities, food security, and public and social policies for the maintenance, regularity, and quality of the final product.

Development of Integrated Organic Agricultural Agribusiness at D jamuran Pekanbaru Student Business

Oyster mushroom is a mushroom that is quite in demand by the people of Pekanbaru City. One of the oyster mushroom producers in Pekanbaru is a young entrepreneur named Solihin who is a student of the Department of Agrotechnology, Riau University. Oyster mushroom production ranges from 15-40 kg/day. The high production of mushrooms is supported by the number of baglogs owned by Solihin. After being used to produce mushrooms, this baglog will of course become waste. The high content of organic matter in baglog waste makes baglog waste a potential medium for the development of African Night Crawlers (ANC) worms. Furthermore, the remaining growth media for this worm can be used as vermicompost fertilizer. Therefore, the purpose of this service is to provide assistance in the cultivation of ANC worms to entrepreneurs who are partners in this service. Based on the results of the service carried out, partners have succeeded in developing by-products other than oyster mushrooms into useful and selling products which can certainly increase partners' income. In addition, partners are also developing fish farming as a continuation of the use of ANC worms as fish feed. This is because ANC worms are a high source of protein for fish feed. Through this service activity, the development of integrated agricultural agribusiness has been realized.

Using Digital Marketing to Develop Marketing Strategy for Fish Farmer Group Products in Jehem Village

Fish Farmer Group "Mina Kumala Sari" is a fish farming group located in Jehem Village, Tembuku District, Bangli Regency and is engaged in fisheries, especially koi fish. Based on observations, it is known that this group still has problems in marketing the product. By using digital marketing through social media, it is hoped that they can reach the target market of the "Mina Kumala Sari" Fish Farmer Group. The purpose of this community service is to find out the use of digital marketing as a marketing strategy for the cultivation of the Fish Farmer Group "Mina Kumala Sari" Jehem Village. The implementation method begins at the observation stage, then conducts interviews with the group leader to gather information, followed by a literature study to collect data from literature and the last stage is documentation in the form of photos and videos. Based on the results of the service, it can be concluded that utilizing social media as a means to market products is quite effective because before the promotion was carried out many people did not know the existence of this group and after promotion through social media and direct and online promotions with groups or communities of ornamental fish lovers caused the Farmers Group Fish "Mina Kumala Sari" is increasingly recognized by the wider community.