scholarly journals The Diurnal Variation of the Barometer Coefficient for Cosmic Rays at Hobart

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
RM Jacklyn
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Hard Component ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Counter Telescope

The records from a vertical counter telescope measuring the hard component of cosmic radiation at sea-level have disclosed significant diurnal variations of the barometer coefficient at Hobart, Tas. The amplitude of the variation is about 5 per cent., and there are secular changes of the same order during the mean day.

PLASMA INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN DAIRY COWS; DIURNAL VARIATION AND RELATION TO FOOD INTAKE AND PLASMA SUGAR AND ACETOACETATE LEVELS

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hove ◽  
Anne Kristine Blom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Marked diurnal variations were found in plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, acetoacetate (AcAc) and sugar in two herds (U and A) of dairy cows kept at two different levels of feeding. Seven animals from each herd were tested. The main diurnal variations were related to food intake, a significant increase in plasma insulin, and a significant decrease in plasma sugar being found. The acetoacetate level rose significantly during feeding in herd U (moderately underfed), while no significant increase was found in herd A (adequately fed). Plasma growth hormone was found to decrease (P < 0.01) only during feeding in herd U, while no change in the GH level could be detected in herd A. The mean level of GH in herd U was found to be twice the value found in herd A. There were no significant differences between the herds in plasma insulin and sugar. Significant differences in plasma levels of GH, insulin and sugar were found between animals when analysed within the herds. Variations in the levels of insulin and acetoacetate were very small during the night. This is contrary to GH, which shows the least variation during food intake. The correlation coefficient between the plasma components was low, although in many cases significant.

On the possibility of a two-way solar anisotropy producing the cosmic-ray diurnal variation

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S825-S827
Author(s):  
M. Kodama ◽  
K. Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Solar Rotation ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Neutron Component

Two pieces of experimental evidence, which are inconsistent with the hypothesis of a one-way solar anisotropy as an interpretation of the cosmic-ray diurnal variation, are presented. The diurnal variation of the temperature-corrected meson component at Deep River was examined and compared with that of the neutron component. Both diurnal variations were averaged for each solar rotation from No. 1762 to No. 1787. If a one-way solar anisotropy is assumed, the time of maximum for neutrons should be about half an hour earlier than that for mesons at Deep River. However, the observations show that the phase difference between the two components is the reverse of that expected. Further evidence is obtained from a comparison of the diurnal variation on Mt. Norikura (2 770 m, 11.4 GeV) to that in Itabashi (20 m, 11.5 GeV). According to theoretical calculations based on a one-way solar anisotropy, the time of maximum at high altitude is earlier than or equal to that at sea level, but observations obtained during Dec. 1966 to Mar. 1967 suggest that the opposite is true.

Time and other Variations in the Intensity of Cosmic Ray Neutrons

1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
N. Adams ◽  
H. J. J. Braddick
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Neutron Production ◽  
Neutron Intensity

AbstractWe have measured the barometer coefficient of cosmic ray neutron production at sea level and find the value -9,25% ± 0,20/cmHg. We have shown that there is no diurnal variation of neutron production of amplitude greater than about 0,4 %. The effects of the large solar flare of November 19 th , 1949 on cosmic ray neutrons were much greater than on ionising cosmic rays at sea level; the maximum factor of increase was more than 5 and the intensity remained measurably above normal for about 12 hours. A small increase of neutron intensity is found, statistically, to be correlated with a number of recorded radio fade-outs. It is suggested that neutron measurements are particularly suitable for studying temporal variations of cosmic rays. The latitude increase of cosmic ray neutrons between geomagnetic latitude 54,5° and 56,5° was found to be about 2%. No certain increase was found between 56,5° and 59,5°.

Systematic Errors in Tellurometer and Geodimeter Measurements

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Geodetic Survey ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Mean

From an analysis of field measurements made by the Geodetic Survey of Canada in 1969-1970, on about 200 lines in different localities and generally between 7 and 27 km long, it is clear that 1) there is a systematic diurnal variation in geodimeter measurements between ground stations, with daytime measurements about 4 ppm longer than nighttime measurements; 2) systematic diurnal variations of a few ppm sometimes occur in a network of tellurometer measurements from either ground or tower stations, and 3) tellurometer measurements are generally 2-5 ppm shorter than geodimeter measurements. There is a general agreement between the observed discrepancies and those that can be predicted from Best’s model of temperature and vapor pressure variations in the lower 100 meters of the atmosphere. From this it can be concluded that 4) the mean of day and night geodimeter measurements between ground stations, or a measurement made near sunrise or sunset, is reliable; 5) systematic meteorological errors in geodimeter measurements between tower stations are generally less than one ppm, and 6) tellurometer measurements are generally a few ppm short.

scholarly journals The Integral and Differential Range Spectra of Sea-Level Mesons

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
AJ Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Momentum Spectrum ◽  
Hard Component ◽  
Integral Range

The differential and integral range spectra of the hard component of cosmic rays in water and lead have been determined up to a thickness of 1500 g cm?2 of water, and 2800 g cm?2 of lead. The differential results indicate that there is no anomaly with an intensity greater than 5 per cent. in the differential momentum spectrum in the region below 4 BeV/c.

Remarks on the Latitude Effect of Cosmic Rays at Sea-Level

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
HD Rathgeber
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Geiger Counter ◽  
Angle Distribution ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Latitude Effect ◽  
Counter Telescope ◽  
East West

During a recent voyage from Australia to Japan the intensity of cosmic rays was measured with several Geiger counter telescopes of different designs. The conclusions to be drawn from these and other results are presented in this paper. It is shown that the latitude effect at sea-level (averaged over all azimuths) is approximately proportional to cos2 1.2ζ, where ζ is the zenith angle of the incident radiation, and that the vertical latitude effect is 18 per cent. In general, the latitude effect depends both on zenith angle and azimuth. The phenomenological relationships of these intensity variations with the zenith angle distribution at two fixed locations, i.e. at high latitudes and at the equator, and with the east-west effect at the equator, are deduced. After correction for longitude and zenith angle, Geiger counter telescope and ionization measurements do not differ by more than their errors of measurements ; the average specific ionization does not vary with latitude. Qualitative explanations of the equality of the latitude effects for mesons and for electrons, as well as of the latitude effect of small extensive showers are given.

scholarly journals Penetrating non-ionizing cosmic rays

1943 ◽  
Vol 181 (987) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Radiation

An account is given of experiments proving the existence of a penetrating non-ionizing component of cosmic radiation at sea-level. It is shown that the radiation has a mean range of approximately 10 cm. in lead, and is probably the same as the penetrating non-ionizing radiation discovered by Rossi and Regener in, experiments at 4300 m. above sea-level. An argument is brought forward indicating that the radiation might consist of neutrons.

Two anisotropies of the cosmic-ray particles producing the cosmic-ray diurnal variation

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S828-S830
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity

The solar diurnal variations of both meson and nucleon components of cosmic rays at sea level at geomagnetic latitude 57.5° and geomagnetic longitude 0° are analyzed by the model in which two anisotropies of cosmic-ray particles (one of them, Δj1, from about 20 h L.T. and the other, Δj2, from about 8 h L.T. in interplanetary space) produce the solar diurnal variation of the cosmic-ray intensity on the earth.When the energy spectra of Δj1 and Δj2 are represented by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, where j0(E) is the normal energy spectrum of the primary cosmic rays, it is shown that the evaluation for m1 = 1, 2, m2 = 0 and the cutoffs at 8 and 10 BeV on the low-energy side of spectra of both Δj1 and Δj2 agree well with the observational results at Deep River.

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