scholarly journals Cryopreservation in fish: current status and pathways to quality assurance and quality control in repository development

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Torres ◽  
E. Hu ◽  
Terrence R. Tiersch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cryogenic Storage ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Commercial Scale

Cryopreservation in aquatic species in general has been constrained to research activities for more than 60 years. Although the need for application and commercialisation pathways has become clear, the lack of comprehensive quality assurance and quality control programs has impeded the progress of the field, delaying the establishment of germplasm repositories and commercial-scale applications. In this review we focus on the opportunities for standardisation in the practices involved in the four main stages of the cryopreservation process: (1) source, housing and conditioning of fish; (2) sample collection and preparation; (3) freezing and cryogenic storage of samples; and (4) egg collection and use of thawed sperm samples. In addition, we introduce some key factors that would assist the transition to commercial-scale, high-throughput application.

Database Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Success or Failure

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-965
Author(s):  
Terri A. Slagle ◽  
Jeffrey B. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Address Data

The purpose of this national survey was to define the extent and features of database use by 445 tertiary level neonatal intensive care nurseries in the United States. Of the 305 centers responding to our survey, 78% had a database in use in 1989 and 15% planned to develop one in the future. Nurseries varied remarkably in the volume of data collected, the amount of time devoted to completing data collection forms, and the personnel involved in data collection. Although data were used primarily for statistical reports (93% of nurseries), quality assurance (73%) and research activities (61%) were also enhanced by database information. Neonatal databases were used to generate reports for the permanent medical record in 38% of centers. Satisfaction with the database was dependent on how useful the database information was to centers which collected and actually used a large volume of information. Overall, nurseries expressed a high degree of confidence in the data they collected, and 65% felt their neonatal database information could be used directly in publication of research. It was disturbing that accuracy of data was not monitored formally by the majority of nurseries. Only 27% of centers followed a routine schedule of data quality assurance, and only 53% had built in error messages for data entry. We caution all who receive database information in the form of morbidity and mortality statistics, clinical reports on patients cared for in neonatal units, and published manuscripts to be attentive to the quality of the data they consume. We feel that future database design efforts need to better address data quality control. Our findings stress the importance and need for immediate efforts to better address database quality control.

scholarly journals Exploring product design quality control and assurance under both traditional and crowdsourcing-based design environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781401881439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Niu ◽  
Shengfeng Qin ◽  
Haizhu Zhang ◽  
Meili Wang ◽  
Rose Wong
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Design Environments ◽  
Traditional Design

Small and medium-sized enterprises face the challenges that they do not have enough employees and related resources to produce high-quality products with limited budget and time. The emergence of crowdsourcing provides an opportunity for them to improve their products by leveraging the wisdom of a large community of crowds, including their potential customers. With this new opportunity, product design could be conducted partially in a traditional design environment (in-house design) and partially in a crowdsourcing environment. This article focuses on product design stages to investigate what key factors affect product design quality and how it can be controlled and assured. First, we define the concept of product design quality and then identify its attributes and sub-attributes. Second, we separately survey key factors affecting product design quality in traditional and crowdsourcing-based design environments, quality control approaches/theories and quality assurance policies in traditional design environment. Third, a comparison of product design quality issues between the traditional and crowdsourcing-based design environments is progressed focusing on various aspects influencing product design activity quality. Finally, we discuss product design quality control approaches and quality assurance policies, quality control challenges and corresponding solutions in crowdsourcing-based design environment.

Delays Ahead

Last Subway ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 247-270
Author(s):  
Philip Mark Plotch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Plans ◽  
Capital Construction ◽  
Testing Protocols

This concluding chapter examines the repercussions of meeting Governor Andrew Cuomo's deadline for the Second Avenue subway. A month after the subway opened in 2017, MTA Capital Construction was tracking a mind-boggling 17,260 discrepancies between items the contractor was required to address and the actual work completed. Federal officials overseeing the MTA's efforts found that such a large number of discrepancies indicated a breakdown in the contractors' quality-assurance programs and the subcontractors' quality-control programs. In a rush to meet the New Year's deadline, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) did not have enough time to follow all of its standard procedures and testing protocols. MTA officials circumvented their own process for certifying the safety of the Second Avenue subway before passenger service began. Quality, federal officials concluded, was clearly compromised to accelerate the schedule. After the line opened, fixing problems became more expensive and time consuming because trains were running all day and all night. In early 2017, subways were delayed more than seventy thousand times a month. The chapter then assesses how the Second Avenue subway became the most expensive subway in the world. It also highlights the turning points in the subway's history, which have been marked by transportation leaders who developed comprehensive plans and then built support to pursue them.

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