Mapping soil erosion and accumulation with the fallout isotope caesium-137

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Longmore ◽  
BM O'Leary ◽  
CW Rose ◽  
AL Chandica
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Deposition Processes

The fallout isotope 137Cs has been used to trace the redistribution of soil in a cultivated paddock, in an upland catchment on the Darling Downs. The areal concentrations (mCi km-2) have been used to construct a caesiographic map which illustrates the areas of 137Cs depletion and build-up and the major areas of soil erosion and deposition, respectively, in the paddock. These areas have been graded on the basis of apparent relative intensity of erosion or deposition. Therefore, this method allows retrospective, quantitative estimates to be made of the extent and degree of soil redistribution within the last 3 decades. In addition the 137Cs results will be used to test mathematical models of erosion/deposition processes.

Redistribution of caesium-137 by erosion and deposition on an Australian soil

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME McCallan ◽  
BM O'Leary ◽  
CW Rose
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
137Cs Activity ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Nuclear Fallout ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
137Cs Fallout ◽  
Australian Soil

Caesium-137, a nuclear fallout product which is carried down to the ground by rainfall and becomes tightly adsorbed to soil particles, is being used to study soil erosion and accumulation. The measurement of 137Cs activity in soil cores in an upland catchment on the Darling Downs has revealed a vertical and areal distribution of this isotope which is in general agreement with expectations based on the topography, the observed erosion and deposition sites, the variation in 137Cs fallout through time, and hypotheses of 137Cs redistribution. Such information may allow the development of a practical technique for estimating soil erosion and accumulation rates using this isotope; it also allows testing of mathematical models of erosion/deposition processes.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion and Sediment Deposition Modelling at the Small Catchment Scale

Geografie ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Vysloužilová ◽  
Zdeněk Kliment
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Erosion Models ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Gis Environment

Water erosion is considered to be the most important factor behind the degradation of agricultural land. Many methods of measuring soil erosion processes, using mathematical models, have been developed in recent years. The most widespread of these, USLE, and its modifications have been used as the basis for new erosion models. Two such models, USPED (Mitášová et al. 1996) and WaTEM/SEDEM (Van Rompaey et al. 2001; Van Oost et al. 2000; Verstraeten et al. 2002), have been utilized to study erosion and deposition processes in the experimental rural catchment of Černičí. River sediment transport is also calculated using the WaTEM/ SEDEM model. The results are discussed with results from USLE and a field survey. The article also presents brief instructions for implementing the models in a GIS environment.

Estimate of soil erosion on cultivated soils using 137Cs measurements and calibration models: A case study from Nakhla watershed, Morocco

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hassouni ◽  
S. Bouhlassa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Mass Balance Model ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

Despite the seriousness of the erosion problem in the Nakhla watershed, there are still only limited data on the rates of soil loss on cultivated land on steep slopes. Thus, there is a need for more information for optimizing strategies for soil conservation. Recent concern over problems of soil degradation and the off-site impacts of accelerated erosion has highlighted the need for improved methods of estimating rates and patterns of soil erosion by water. In this paper, soil erosion and deposition rates have been studied using the 137Cs technique in upstream part in the Nakhla watershed on cultivated soils (Larbaa Beni Hassan area), which is known to suffer soil erosion. Multiple transect sampling was established parallel to the slope, and 137Cs inventories were determined for the sampling points. After establishing the local reference inventory (3073 Bq m-2), soil erosion and deposition rates were estimated using the 137Cs inventories on all the transects with three calibration models: proportional model (PM), mass balance model 1 (MBM1) and mass balance model 2 (MBM2). The magnitude of the soil erosion rates depends on many factors, including the location of sampling, the local topography, and the soil properties. Estimated soil erosion rates for the study area varied from 0.4 to 28.9 t ha-1 yr-1 using PM; from 0.5 to 66.9 t ha-1 yr-1 using MBM1; and from 0.4 to 56.4 t ha-1 yr-1 using MBM2. The deposition ranged, respectively, from 0.3 to 8.0 t ha-1 yr-1 for PM, from 0.4 to 14.5 t ha-1 yr-1 for MBM1, and from 0.3 to 11.5 t ha-1 yr-1 for MBM2. The sediment delivery ratio is about 98%. For one selected plot, L11, the erosion rates show a clear relationship with the range of slopes in its three different horizontal parts. Estimates of soil redistribution rates were interpolated by means of kriging, using Surfer 7.0 software. Two representative transects were selected to identify the contribution of tillage on 137Cs redistribution by using mass balance model 3. It is observed that the pattern of 137Cs redistribution is dominated by water erosion and that the contribution of tillage redistribution remain is smaller. Key words: 137Cs method, soil erosion, erosion rate, soil redistribution, conversion models

scholarly journals Slope curvature influence on soil erosion and deposition processes

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Di Stefano ◽  
V. Ferro ◽  
P. Porto ◽  
G. Tusa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Deposition Processes

Organic near-bed fluid and particulate transport in combined sewers

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ristenpart ◽  
R. M. Ashley ◽  
M. Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Bed Load ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Sediment Bed ◽  
Solids Transport ◽  
Particulate Transport ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Dense Fluid ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Continuous Field ◽  
Heterogeneity Of Solids

Studies in Germany, Belgium, France and Scotland have revealed that there are significant solids transport gradients in the depth of foul and combined sewage flows. Continuous field observations of changes in depths of sediment deposits in combined sewers have also indicated that there is an interaction between the erosion and deposition processes and changes in the mass transport of solids in regions in the overlying flow. A fuller understanding of the interactive phenomena is essential for both sewer sediment management and the minimization of associated pollution from wash-out of solids via CSOs. The paper presents results from the detailed studies in Hildesheim, Germany and those carried out in Dundee, Scotland, investigating the heterogeneity of solids movement with regard to gross solids, erosion of sewer sediments and their interactions with the suspended transport phases and the layer of very dense fluid found to be transported under certain circumstances, near the sediment bed or sewer invert (traditionally called ‘bed-load’).

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Future Land Use and Climate Change on Soil Erosion and Deposition in the Mae Nam Nan Sub-Catchment, Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3244-3274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pheerawat Plangoen ◽  
Mukand Babel ◽  
Roberto Clemente ◽  
Sangam Shrestha ◽  
Nitin Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
The Impact
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