xamination of Self-Control in Positive Psychotherapy Structures

Every day, individuals can encounter events which cause them to check their wishes and impulses. They need to provide self-control in the face of these events. It is observed that psychotherapies aimed at increasing self-control are limited. Positive psychotherapy, which is a structural and analytical psychotherapeutic method, can expand our viewpoint on this subject. Structures in positive psychotherapy were examined in the context of using the balance model, coupled with the ability of self-control. The dependent variable of the research is self-control, the independent variable is positive psychotherapy structures. Of the 151 (52.6%) of the participants (52.6%) were women, 136 (47.4%) were men. The Personal Information Form, which was created by the researcher as a data collection tool, the self-control scales and Wiesbaden positive psychotherapy and family therapy inventory were used. Multiple regression analysis was performed during the analysis of the data. As a result of multiple regression analysis, primary abilities (r = .51, r2 = .26; f = 11.840; p <.01), secondary abilities (r = .52, r2 = .27; f = 9.209; p <.01) and the balance model (r = .39, R2 = .15; f = 11.964; p <.01) significantly announced the self-control. According to the results of the analysis, patience, relationship, hope, and love are among the primary abilities; the secondary abilities are honesty, achievement, conformity and fairness. From the balance model, it was revealed that success and body were a significant predictor of self-control.

Assessing Groundwater Withdrawal Sustainability in the Mexican Portion of the Transboundary Santa Cruz River Aquifer

The impact of climate uncertainties is already evident in the border communities of the United States and Mexico. This semi-arid to arid border region has faced increased vulnerability to water scarcity, propelled by droughts, warming atmosphere, population growth, ecosystem sensitivity, and institutional asymmetries between the two countries. In this study, we assessed the annual water withdrawal, which is essential for maintaining long-term sustainable conditions in the Santa Cruz River Aquifer in Mexico, which is part of the U.S.–Mexico Transboundary Santa Cruz Aquifer. For this assessment, we developed a water balance model that accounts for the water fluxes into and out of the aquifer’s basin. A central component of this model is a hydrologic model that uses precipitation and evapotranspiration demand as input to simulate the streamflow into and out of the basin, natural recharge, soil moisture, and actual evapotranspiration. Based on the precipitation record for the period 1954–2020, we found that the amount of groundwater withdrawal that maintains sustainable conditions is 23.3 MCM/year. However, the record is clearly divided into two periods: a wet period, 1965–1993, in which the cumulative surplus in the basin reached ~380 MCM by 1993, and a dry period, 1994–2020, in which the cumulative surplus had been completely depleted. Looking at a balanced annual groundwater withdrawal for a moving average of 20-year intervals, we found the sustainable groundwater withdrawal to decline from a maximum of 36.4 MCM/year in 1993 to less than 8 MCM/year in 2020. This study underscores the urgency for adjusted water resources management that considers the large inter-annual climate variability in the region.

Allowing the Actual Evapotranspiration Uncertainty in Hydrological Models: Coupling of Interval-Based Water Balance and METRIC Models

Against the paramount role of actual evapotranspiration (ET) in hydrological modeling, determining its values is mixed with different sources of uncertainties. In addition, estimation of ET with energy-based methods (e.g., METRIC) leads to different results with various acceptable initial and boundary conditions (such as land use and cold/hot pixels). The aim of the current research is to allow the uncertainty effects of ET as an interval-based input variable in hydrological modeling. The goal is achieved via feeding the uncertainty of computed ET values to the developed Interval-Based Water Balance (IBWB) model in terms of gray values. To this purpose, the comprehensive monthly water balance model (including surface and groundwater modules) has been revised to a new interval-based form. Moreover, the METRIC model has been used 20 times in each month of computational period to calculate the ET patterns with different hot/cold pixels to provide monthly ensemble ET values. For a comprehensive assessment, the selected water balance model has been calibrated with ensemble means of the computed ET with its classical type. The study area is a mountainous sub-basin of the Sefidrood watershed, Ghorveh-Dehgolan basin, with three alluvial aquifers in the North of Iran. Not only the paradigm shift from determinist to interval-based hydrologic structure improved the statistical metrics of the models’ responses, but also it decreased the uncertainty of the simulated streamflow and groundwater levels.

TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPONENT-BASED MODELING IN THE PLATFORM FOR CREATING KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS

В статье исследуются проблемы автоматизации и интеллектуальной поддержки процесса математического и имитационного моделирования сложных объектов за счёт комбинации компонентно-ориентированного и онтологического подходов. В качестве основной прикладной области для применения обсуждаемых методов и средств предполагается использовать такое направление, как комплексное моделирование окружающей среды. В контексте изучаемых вопросов рассмотрены современные подходы к автоматизации компонентно-ориентированного моделирования. При интеграции компонентов-моделей в единую результирующую комплексную модель разработчику необходимо не только обеспечить формальное согласование со стандартами используемого каркаса моделирования, но и учитывать различные типы семантической и синтаксической неоднородности компонентов. В связи с этим выполнена классификация типов интеграции комплексных моделей, обсуждаются особенности реализации компонентно-ориентированного моделирования в авторской платформе создания систем, основанных на знаниях. В качестве иллюстративного примера рассматривается гидролого-экологическая балансовая модель. The article considers the problems of automation and intellectual support of the mathematical and simulation modeling process of complex objects via a combination of component-based and ontological approaches. As the main application area for the discussed methods and tools, it is proposed to use the integrated environmental modeling domain. In this context, modern approaches to the automation of component-based modeling are considered. To couple model components into a final complex model, the developer needs not only to ensure formal agreement with the standards of the modeling framework but also to take into account various types of semantic and syntactic heterogeneity of components. In this regard, the classification of the integration types for complex modeling is carried out, the related implementation features in the author's platform for creating knowledge-based systems are discussed. The hydrological-ecological balance model is considered an illustrative example.

Balancing a U-Shaped Assembly Line with a Heuristic Algorithm Based on a Comprehensive Rank Value

An aim of sustainable development of the manufacturing industry is to reduce the idle time in the product-assembly process and improve the balance efficiency of the assembly line. A priority relationship diagram is obtained on an existing assembly line in the laboratory by measuring the task time of the chassis model, analyzing the product structure, and designing the assembly process. The type-E balance model of the U-shaped assembly line is established and solved by a heuristic algorithm based on the comprehensive rank value. The type-E balance problem of the U-shaped assembly-line plan of the chassis model is obtained, and the production line layout is planned. Combining instances to compare the results of the heuristic algorithm, genetic algorithm, and simulated annealing, comparison of the results shows that the degree of load balancing is slightly higher than genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. The balance efficiencies obtained by the heuristic algorithm are smaller than the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. The calculation time is significantly less than the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, and the scale of instances has little effect on the calculation time. The results verify that the model and the algorithm are effective. This study provides a reference for the entire process of the U-shaped assembly-line, type-E balance and the assembly products in laboratories.

The Water Yield Pattern for Annual and Monthly Scales Through a Unifying Catchment Water Balance Model

Long-term scheduling and short-term decision-making for water resources management often require understanding the relationship of water yield pattern between the annual and monthly scales. As the water yield pattern mainly depends on land cover/use and climate, a unifying catchment water balance model with factors has been adopted to derive a theoretical water yield pattern with annual and monthly scales. Two critical values at the parameters ε=1-√2/2 and ϕ=1.0 are identified. The parameter ε referring to the water storage (land use/cover) and evaporation (climate) changes can make more contribution than ϕ for water yield when ϕ>1.0, especially with ε<1-√2/2. But there is less contribution made by ε when ϕ<1.0. The derived theoretical water yield patterns have also been validated by the observed data or the simulated data through the hydrological model. Due to the bias of the soil moisture data, a lot of the estimated parameter ε values are over its theoretical range, especially for the monthly scale in humid basins. The performance of the derived theoretical water yield pattern at annual scale is much better than that at monthly scale while there are only a few data sets from the arid basin at every months fall within their theoretical ranges. Even the relative contributions of ε is found to be bigger than those of ϕ due to ε<1-√2/2 and ϕ>1.0, there are no significant linear relationships between annual and monthly parameters ε and ϕ. Our results not only validate the derived theoretical water yield pattern with the estimated parameter directly by the observed or simulated data rather than the calibrated parameter, but also can guide for further understanding physical of water balance to conversion time scales for the combing long-term and short-term water resources management.

A Daily Water Balance Model Based on the Distribution Function Unifying Probability Distributed Model and the SCS Curve Number Method

A new daily water balance model is developed and tested in this paper. The new model has a similar model structure to the existing probability distributed rainfall runoff models (PDM), such as HyMOD. However, the model utilizes a new distribution function for soil water storage capacity, which leads to the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) curve number (CN) method when the initial soil water storage is set to zero. Therefore, the developed model is a unification of the PDM and CN methods and is called the PDM–CN model in this paper. Besides runoff modeling, the calculation of daily evaporation in the model is also dependent on the distribution function, since the spatial variability of soil water storage affects the catchment-scale evaporation. The generated runoff is partitioned into direct runoff and groundwater recharge, which are then routed through quick and slow storage tanks, respectively. Total discharge is the summation of quick flow from the quick storage tank and base flow from the slow storage tank. The new model with 5 parameters is applied to 92 catchments for simulating daily streamflow and evaporation and compared with AWMB, SACRAMENTO, and SIMHYD models. The performance of the model is slightly better than HyMOD but is not better compared with the 14-parameter model (SACRAMENTO) in the calibration, and does not perform as well in the validation period as the 7-parameter model (SIMHYD) in some areas, based on the NSE values. The linkage between the PDM–CN model and long-term water balance model is also presented, and a two-parameter mean annual water balance equation is derived from the proposed PDM–CN model.