scholarly journals Neuroinflammation triggered by β-glucan/dectin-1 signaling enables CNS axon regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 2581-2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine T. Baldwin ◽  
Kevin S. Carbajal ◽  
Benjamin M. Segal ◽  
Roman J. Giger

Innate immunity can facilitate nervous system regeneration, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that intraocular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial cell wall component, or the fungal cell wall extract zymosan both lead to rapid and comparable intravitreal accumulation of blood-derived myeloid cells. However, when combined with retro-orbital optic nerve crush injury, lengthy growth of severed retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons occurs only in zymosan-injected mice, and not in LPS-injected mice. In mice deficient for the pattern recognition receptor dectin-1 but not Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), zymosan-mediated RGC regeneration is greatly reduced. The combined loss of dectin-1 and TLR2 completely blocks the proregenerative effects of zymosan. In the retina, dectin-1 is expressed by microglia and dendritic cells, but not by RGCs. Dectin-1 is also present on blood-derived myeloid cells that accumulate in the vitreous. Intraocular injection of the dectin-1 ligand curdlan [a particulate form of β(1, 3)-glucan] promotes optic nerve regeneration comparable to zymosan in WT mice, but not in dectin-1−/− mice. Particulate β(1, 3)-glucan leads to increased Erk1/2 MAP-kinase signaling and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation in myeloid cells in vivo. Loss of the dectin-1 downstream effector caspase recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) blocks CREB activation and attenuates the axon-regenerative effects of β(1, 3)-glucan. Studies with dectin-1−/−/WT reciprocal bone marrow chimeric mice revealed a requirement for dectin-1 in both retina-resident immune cells and bone marrow-derived cells for β(1, 3)-glucan–elicited optic nerve regeneration. Collectively, these studies identify a molecular framework of how innate immunity enables repair of injured central nervous system neurons.

Glia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Van Dyck ◽  
Ilse Bollaerts ◽  
An Beckers ◽  
Sophie Vanhunsel ◽  
Nynke Glorian ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 842 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Dybowski ◽  
Anne M Heacock ◽  
Bernard W Agranoff

2012 ◽  
Vol 1474 ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya S. Pathi ◽  
Soumia Jose ◽  
Suman Govindaraju ◽  
Juan A. Conde ◽  
Hannah E. Romo ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Van houcke ◽  
Ilse Bollaerts ◽  
Emiel Geeraerts ◽  
Benjamin Davis ◽  
An Beckers ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 426 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Whitworth ◽  
B.C. Misaghi ◽  
D.M. Rosenthal ◽  
E.A. Mills ◽  
D.J. Heinen ◽  
...  

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-276
Author(s):  
Charles Straznicky ◽  
David Tay

Right compound eyes were formed in Xenopus embryos at stages 32–33 by the fusion of two nasal (NN), two ventral (VV) or two temporal (TT) halves. Shortly after metamorphosis the optic nerve from the compound eye was sectioned and the left intact eye removed. The retinotectal projections from the compound eye to the contralateral and ipsilateral tecta were studied by [3H]proline autoradiography and electrophysiological mapping between 6 weeks and 5 months after the postmetamorphic surgery. The results showed that NN and VV eyes projected to the entire extent of both tecta. In contrast, optic fibre projection from TT eyes, although more extensive than the normal temporal hemiretinal projection, failed to cover the caudomedial portion of the tecta. The visuotectal projections in all three combinations corresponded to typical reduplicated maps to be expected from such compound eyes, where each of the hemiretinae projected across the contralateral and ipsilateral tecta in an overlapping fashion. The rapid expansion of the hemiretinal projections of the compound eyes in the ipsilateral tectum following the removal of the resident optic fibre projection suggests that tectal markers may be carried and deployed by the incoming optic fibres themselves.


1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (17) ◽  
pp. 11479-11486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael P. Ballestero ◽  
George R. Wilmot ◽  
Bernard W. Agranoff ◽  
Michael D. Uhler

Author(s):  
Malini Devadas ◽  
Toru Matsukawa ◽  
Zhongwu Liu ◽  
Kayo Sugitani ◽  
Kiyoshi Sugawara ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Xiaofen Mo ◽  
Wenyi Guo ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Peihua Zhang ◽  
...  

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