scholarly journals Regional pest suppression associated with widespread Bt maize adoption benefits vegetable growers

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (13) ◽  
pp. 3320-3325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen P. Dively ◽  
P. Dilip Venugopal ◽  
Dick Bean ◽  
Joanne Whalen ◽  
Kristian Holmstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Pest Suppression

Transgenic crops containing the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes reduce pests and insecticide usage, promote biocontrol services, and economically benefit growers. Area-wide Bt adoption suppresses pests regionally, with declines expanding beyond the planted Bt crops into other non-Bt crop fields. However, the offsite benefits to growers of other crops from such regional suppression remain uncertain. With data spanning 1976–2016, we demonstrate that vegetable growers benefit via decreased crop damage and insecticide applications in relation to pest suppression in the Mid-Atlantic United States. We provide evidence for the regional suppression of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), European corn borer, and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), corn earworm, populations in association with widespread Bt maize adoption (1996–2016) and decreased economic levels for injury in vegetable crops [peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sweet corn (Zea mays L., convar. saccharata)] compared with the pre-Bt period (1976–1995). Moth populations of both species significantly declined in association with widespread Bt maize (field corn) adoption, even as increased temperatures buffered the population reduction. We show marked decreases in the number of recommended insecticidal applications, insecticides applied, and O. nubilalis damage in vegetable crops in association with widespread Bt maize adoption. These offsite benefits to vegetable growers in the agricultural landscape have not been previously documented, and the positive impacts identified here expand on the reported ecological effects of Bt adoption. Our results also underscore the need to account for offsite economic benefits of pest suppression, in addition to the direct economic benefits of Bt crops.

scholarly journals BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO EUROPEAN CORN BORER IN SWEET CORN

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178c-1178
Author(s):  
David W. Davis ◽  
Elizabeth M. Lamb ◽  
Mary S. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gene Modification ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Borer ◽  
Breeding For Resistance

Insect resistance in vegetable crops carries a new urgency as insecticide availability and usage become more restricted. The European corn borer (ECB) long has been the most costly sweet corn pest in the northern states, with corn earworm (CEW) and southwestern stalk borer most serious farther south. Resistance to ECB and CEW, as developed by classical methods, will be discussed. Newer methods (such as RFLPs) should speed transfer of this resistance to commercial stocks, and also facilitate transfer of resistance from other species. Gene modification and endophyte exploitation are longer-term possibilities. Resistance must be free from association with undesirable traits, such as long silk channel length (r = 0.3 to 0.4), unless consumer and processor specifications change.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer on Corn Under Natural Infestation, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
J. T. Shaw ◽  
R. A. Weinzierl ◽  
J. W. Finger
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
The University

Abstract Corn was planted at the University of Illinois Vegetable Crops Farm, Champaign, IL in rows 30 inches wide on 26 Jun. A RCB design was used, and each treatment was replicated four times, with two untreated checks per replicate. These two controls within each block were averaged for analysis. Each plot was 4 rows wide X 50 ft long. Insecticides were applied to the middle rows of each plot; the two outside rows were left untreated, leaving two untreated rows between each treatment. Treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance sprayer with a rear-mounted boom. Three Conejet (TXVS-8) hollow cone nozzles per row; two attached to drops allowing spray to be directed towards the ear zone and one nozzle positioned directly over the row. Sprays were delivered with a compressed-air system calibrated to deliver 29.5 gpa at 40 psi and 2.5 mph. A pre-silk application of all treatments was made on 15 Aug, in response to extremely high ECB moth flights. Silk sprays were applied on 20, 24, and 28 Aug; 1 and 6 Sep, beginning at 12% silk. At maturity, twenty-five ears were harvested per treatment from each replication (100 ears/treatment) on 10 Sep. Ears were husked and evaluated and the number of damaged ears, pest species, larval size and location of ear damage (tip or side) were recorded for each ear.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF CORN EARWORM AND EUROPEAN CORN BORER ON SWEET CORN, 1998

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. O'Rourke ◽  
E. C. Burkness ◽  
W. D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Corn Borer

scholarly journals Evaluation of Efficacy of Selected Conventional and Experimental Insecticides and Bt Hybrids for Control of Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
J. T. Shaw ◽  
R. Weinzierl ◽  
J. W. Finger
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
High Clearance

Abstract The tests were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Each plot consisted of four rows, each being 30 inches wide and 50 ft long. Thirty-foot-wide alleys were established between the four replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle two rows of each plot, leaving two untreated rows between adjoining plots. Twelve insecticide treatments were compared with two Br-sweet corn hybrids (Heritage Bt and Bonus Bt) and their non-Bt isolines to two untreated controls. The 12 chemical treatments and the two untreated checks were planted with the Silver King variety sweet corn. Two untreated check plots were included in each replication and were averaged for the ANOVA. Treatments were applied very four to five days beginning on 8 Aug at 8% silk. All insecticide treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance vehicle (HCV) with a rear-mounted boom. Six Conejet (TX VS-8) hollow-cone nozzles (three per row) were calibrated to deliver 30.1 gpa at 40 psi and a speed of 2.5 mph, utilizing a compressed air system. Four nozzles (two per row) were attached to drops and directed the spray towards the ear zone area, a third nozzle (one per row) was mounted directly over the row with the spray being directed into the whorl (tassel) area.

Frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Bt maize in French and US corn belt populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

2002 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bourguet ◽  
J. Chaufaux ◽  
M. Séguin ◽  
C. Buisson ◽  
J. L. Hinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Corn Borer

Ear Pests and Damage to Organic, Conventional and Bt-Protected Sweet Corn Grown in Central Kentucky

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
John D. Sedlacek ◽  
Karen L. Friley ◽  
Steve L. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Sap Beetles ◽  
Southwestern Corn Borer

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa) was grown in replicated plots in 2004 and 2006 using organic, conventional, and genetically-engineered (Bt) production practices. Organic plots were treated with Entrust® (Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN) whereas conventional and Bt sweet corn plots were treated with Warrior® (Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., Greensboro, NC). All plots were treated once at silk emergence. Organic and conventional plots were treated again 1 wk later. Twenty-five ears were harvested from row centers in each treatment subplot to quantify ear pests and assess ear damage. The highest number of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae were found on organically-grown sweet corn. European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner); southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar; and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), larvae were not found as frequently. Neither corn earworm nor European corn borer larvae were found on Bt sweet corn ears. Sap beetles, Carpophilus lugubris Murray, were found on all 3 types of sweet corn. Organically and conventionally-grown sweet corn had a greater number of tip-damaged ears and numbers of damaged kernels per ear than Bt sweet corn. Ear length and weight were the same for all 3 types of sweet corn. Based on the information generated in this study, growing late-planted sweet corn organically or conventionally on a large commercial scale with a limited spray program and without using other types of ear pest management does not appear to be a practical or profitable option in central Kentucky.

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