scholarly journals A new role for joint mobility in reconstructing vertebrate locomotor evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. e2023513118
Author(s):  
Armita R. Manafzadeh ◽  
Robert E. Kambic ◽  
Stephen M. Gatesy

Reconstructions of movement in extinct animals are critical to our understanding of major transformations in vertebrate locomotor evolution. Estimates of joint range of motion (ROM) have long been used to exclude anatomically impossible joint poses from hypothesized gait cycles. Here we demonstrate how comparative ROM data can be harnessed in a different way to better constrain locomotor reconstructions. As a case study, we measured nearly 600,000 poses from the hindlimb joints of the Helmeted Guineafowl and American alligator, which represent an extant phylogenetic bracket for the archosaurian ancestor and its pseudosuchian (crocodilian line) and ornithodiran (bird line) descendants. We then used joint mobility mapping to search for a consistent relationship between full potential joint mobility and the subset of joint poses used during locomotion. We found that walking and running poses are predictably located within full mobility, revealing additional constraints for reconstructions of extinct archosaurs. The inferential framework that we develop here can be expanded to identify ROM-based constraints for other animals and, in turn, will help to unravel the history of vertebrate locomotor evolution.

2021 ◽  
pp. 193864002110173
Author(s):  
Shirley Chen ◽  
Amber Kavanagh ◽  
Caitlin Zarick

Steroid-induced avascular necrosis (AVN) of the lower extremity is a destructive process of the bone found in patients who have been treated with these medications for a variety of medical conditions. There are several proposed etiologies for development of this condition, however much debate still remains for the exact pathophysiology. The main clinical characteristics include edema, arthralgias, and restricted joint range of motion. Diagnostic imaging is a key aspect in the analysis of this pathologic process. When steroid-induced AVN affects multiple bones, this atypical presentation is difficult to treat due to its diffuse nature, therefore surgical options are limited. In these cases, conservative therapy is targeted toward pain relief and preserving joint range of motion. This review aims to provide an overview on the presentation of steroid-induced AVN in the foot and ankle, outline the pathophysiology of the process, and describe a variety of both conservative and surgical treatment options. A case study is provided to showcase a patient presentation of diffuse steroid-induced AVN of the foot and ankle and their course of treatment. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Expert opinion


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Hanindya Putra Pradana ◽  
Firman Faradisi

AbstractStroke is a disease caused by an acute neurological deficit in blood vesseldisorders leading to the brain that occur suddenly and can cause physical disability or death.The common complain are mobility impairment or decreased range of movement of the extremities.This study aimed to increase the range of movement of the extremities by doing Range on Motion exercises in families who have a history of stroke.There are two post-stroke patients involved in this study and give the Range of Motion exercise.The method used is to measure the degree of joint range of motion before performing ROM exercises then ROM exercises ranging from flexion, extension, hyperextension, adduction, abduction, and so on then measure the degree of joint range of motion with a goniometer measuring instrument and the results are recorded on the observation sheet.Goniometer was used to measurement the range of movement of the extremities.Range of Motion was performed for 7 days, each movement of 10 seconds duration.The results show that the range of movement increased in both patients. Accordingly, the Range of Motion exercises proved can increase the range of movement of the extremities in stroke patients.Families are expected to doing the Range of Motion exercise independently at home.Keywords:Range of motion; Range of movement; Stroke. AbstrakStroke adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh defisit neurologis akut pada gangguan pembuluh darah menuju otak yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba dan dapat menyebabkan kecacatan fisik atau kematian.Keluhan yang sering dikeluhkan adalah gangguan mobilitas atau penurunan jangkauan gerak ekstremitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan jangkauan gerak ekstremitas dengan melakukan latihan Range on Motion pada keluarga yang memiliki riwayat stroke.Ada dua pasien pasca stroke yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini dan memberikan latihan Range of Motion.Metode yang dilakukan mengukur derajat rentang gerak sendi sebelum dilakukan latihan ROM kemudian latihan ROM mulai dari gerakan fleksi, ekstensi, hiperekstensi, addukksi, abduksi, dan lain sebagainya kemudian mengukur kembali derajat rentang gerak sendi dengan alat ukur goniometer dan hasilnya catat dilembar observasi.Goniometer digunakan untuk mengukur jangkauan gerakan ekstremitas.ROM dilakukan selama 7 hari, setiap gerakan durasi 10 detik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rentang gerak meningkat pada kedua pasien. Dengan demikian, latihan Range of Motion terbukti dapat meningkatkan jangkauan gerak ekstremitas pada pasien stroke. Keluarga diharapkan melakukan latihan Range of Motion secara mandiri di rumah.Kata kunci:Range of motion; Rentang gerak; Stroke.


1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-638
Author(s):  
Takeshi Arizono ◽  
Hideya Kawamura ◽  
Tomotaro Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiromasa Miura ◽  
Katsusada Honda ◽  
...  

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