Conversations about race in Black and White US families: Before and after George Floyd’s death

Research has shown that Black parents are more likely than White parents to have conversations about race with their children, but few studies have directly compared the frequency and content of these conversations and how they change in response to national events. Here we examine such conversations in the United States before and after the killing of George Floyd. Black parents had conversations more often than White parents, and they had more frequent conversations post-Floyd. White parents remained mostly unchanged and, if anything, were less likely to talk about being White and more likely to send colorblind messages. Black parents were also more worried than White parents—both that their children would experience racial bias and that their children would perpetrate racial bias, a finding that held both pre- and post-Floyd. Thus, even in the midst of a national moment on race, White parents remained relatively silent and unconcerned about the topic.

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Racial Disparities in Mortality Among American Film Celebrities: A Wikipedia-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Interactive Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.2196/13871 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. e13871

Author(s):

Hannah Speaks ◽

Alyssa Falise ◽

Kaitlin Grosgebauer ◽

Dustin Duncan ◽

Adam Carrico

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

Racial Bias ◽

Semiparametric Regression ◽

The United States ◽

Occupational Prestige ◽

American Film ◽

Black And White ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

All Cause Mortality

Background In the United States, well-documented racial disparities in health outcomes are frequently attributed to racial bias and socioeconomic inequalities. However, it remains unknown whether racial disparities in mortality persist among those with higher socioeconomic status (SES) and occupational prestige. Objective As the celebrity population is generally characterized by high levels of SES and occupational prestige, this study aimed to examine survival differences between black and white film celebrities. Methods Using a Web-based, open-source encyclopedia (ie, Wikipedia), data for 5829 entries of randomly selected American film actors and actresses born between 1900 and 2000 were extracted. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was conducted using 4356 entries to compare the difference in survival by race. A Cox semiparametric regression analysis examined whether adjusting for year of birth, gender, and cause of death influenced differences in survival by race. Results Most celebrities were non-Hispanic white (3847/4352, 88.4%), male (3565/4352, 81.9%), and born in the United States (4187/4352, 96.2%). Mean age at death for black celebrities (64.1; 95% CI 60.6-67.5 years) was 6.4 years shorter than that for white celebrities (70.5; 95% CI 69.6-71.4 years; P<.001). Black celebrities had a faster all-cause mortality rate using Kaplan-Meier survival function estimates and a log-rank test. However, in a Cox semiparametric regression, there was no longer a significant difference in survival times between black and white celebrities (hazard ratio 1.07; 95% CI 0.87-1.31). Conclusions There is some evidence that racial disparities in all-cause mortality may persist at higher levels of SES, but this association was no longer significant in adjusted analyses. Further research is needed to examine if racial disparities in mortality are diminished at higher levels of SES among more representative populations.

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Racial Disparities in Mortality Among American Film Celebrities: A Wikipedia-Based Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13871 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Speaks ◽

Alyssa Falise ◽

Kaitlin Grosgebauer ◽

Dustin Duncan ◽

Adam Carrico

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

Racial Bias ◽

Semiparametric Regression ◽

The United States ◽

Occupational Prestige ◽

American Film ◽

Black And White ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

All Cause Mortality

BACKGROUND In the United States, well-documented racial disparities in health outcomes are frequently attributed to racial bias and socioeconomic inequalities. However, it remains unknown whether racial disparities in mortality persist among those with higher socioeconomic status (SES) and occupational prestige. OBJECTIVE As the celebrity population is generally characterized by high levels of SES and occupational prestige, this study aimed to examine survival differences between black and white film celebrities. METHODS Using a Web-based, open-source encyclopedia (ie, Wikipedia), data for 5829 entries of randomly selected American film actors and actresses born between 1900 and 2000 were extracted. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was conducted using 4356 entries to compare the difference in survival by race. A Cox semiparametric regression analysis examined whether adjusting for year of birth, gender, and cause of death influenced differences in survival by race. RESULTS Most celebrities were non-Hispanic white (3847/4352, 88.4%), male (3565/4352, 81.9%), and born in the United States (4187/4352, 96.2%). Mean age at death for black celebrities (64.1; 95% CI 60.6-67.5 years) was 6.4 years shorter than that for white celebrities (70.5; 95% CI 69.6-71.4 years; <italic>P</italic><.001). Black celebrities had a faster all-cause mortality rate using Kaplan-Meier survival function estimates and a log-rank test. However, in a Cox semiparametric regression, there was no longer a significant difference in survival times between black and white celebrities (hazard ratio 1.07; 95% CI 0.87-1.31). CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence that racial disparities in all-cause mortality may persist at higher levels of SES, but this association was no longer significant in adjusted analyses. Further research is needed to examine if racial disparities in mortality are diminished at higher levels of SES among more representative populations.

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Racial disparities in school-based disciplinary actions are associated with county-level rates of racial bias

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1808307116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (17) ◽

pp. 8255-8260 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Travis Riddle ◽

Stacey Sinclair

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Black Students ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

White Students ◽

Racial Bias ◽

The United States ◽

County Level ◽

Black And White ◽

Racial Biases ◽

Using Data

There are substantial gaps in educational outcomes between black and white students in the United States. Recently, increased attention has focused on differences in the rates at which black and white students are disciplined, finding that black students are more likely to be seen as problematic and more likely to be punished than white students are for the same offense. Although these disparities suggest that racial biases are a contributor, no previous research has shown associations with psychological measurements of bias and disciplinary outcomes. We show that county-level estimates of racial bias, as measured using data from approximately 1.6 million visitors to the Project Implicit website, are associated with racial disciplinary disparities across approximately 96,000 schools in the United States, covering around 32 million white and black students. These associations do not extend to sexuality biases, showing the specificity of the effect. These findings suggest that acknowledging that racial biases and racial disparities in education go hand-in-hand may be an important step in resolving both of these social ills.

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Changes in Perceptions of Filipino Immigrants about Themselves and of Americans Before and After Coming to the United States

10.31124/advance.8107907 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gremil Alessandro Naz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Symbolic Interaction ◽

The United States ◽

The Philippines ◽

Appraisal Theory ◽

American Values ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

Symbolic Interaction Theory ◽

Filipino Immigrants

<p>This paper examines the changes in Filipino immigrants’ perceptions about themselves and of Americans before and after coming to the United States. Filipinos have a general perception of themselves as an ethnic group. They also have perceptions about Americans whose media products regularly reach the Philippines. Eleven Filipinos who have permanently migrated to the US were interviewed about their perceptions of Filipinos and Americans. Before coming to the US, they saw themselves as hardworking, family-oriented, poor, shy, corrupt, proud, adaptable, fatalistic, humble, adventurous, persevering, gossipmonger, and happy. They described Americans as rich, arrogant, educated, workaholic, proud, powerful, spoiled, helpful, boastful, materialistic, individualistic, talented, domineering, friendly, accommodating, helpful, clean, and kind. Most of the respondents changed their perceptions of Filipinos and of Americans after coming to the US. They now view Filipinos as having acquired American values or “Americanized.” On the other hand, they stopped perceiving Americans as a homogenous group possessing the same values after they got into direct contact with them. The findings validate social perception and appraisal theory, and symbolic interaction theory.</p>

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Black and white composite magnetic anomaly map of the United States; Part A, Conterminous United States

10.3133/gp960a ◽

1983 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Magnetic Anomaly ◽

The United States ◽

Black And White ◽

Anomaly Map

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Introducing the United States Police-Shooting Database: A Multi-Level Bayesian Analysis of Racial Bias in Police Shootings at the County-Level in the United States, 2011-2014

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2534673 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cody Ross

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Bayesian Analysis ◽

Racial Bias ◽

The United States ◽

County Level ◽

Police Shootings ◽

Multi Level ◽

Police Shooting

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Trends in Suicidality 1 Year Before and After Birth Among Commercially Insured Childbearing Individuals in the United States, 2006-2017

JAMA Psychiatry ◽

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3550 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lindsay K. Admon ◽

Vanessa K. Dalton ◽

Giselle E. Kolenic ◽

Susan L. Ettner ◽

Anca Tilea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Before And After

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Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in baby food made from chicken produced before and after the termination of ball clay use in chicken feed in the United States

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2004.11.007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 307-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Douglas G. Hayward ◽

P. Michael Bolger

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Baby Food ◽

Before And After ◽

Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin ◽

Ball Clay

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War stimulus: The Japanese threat and rebirth of the North America Pacific Coast shipbuilding industry, 1937-1946

International Journal of Maritime History ◽

10.1177/08438714211013555 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 382-411

Author(s):

Chris Madsen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

The United States ◽

Pearl Harbor ◽

Shipbuilding Industry ◽

The North ◽

The Pacific ◽

Before And After ◽

Strategic Procurement

Henry Eccles, in classic studies on logistics, describes the dynamics of strategic procurement in the supply chain stretching from home countries to military theatres of operations. Naval authorities and industrialists concerned with Japanese aggression before and after Pearl Harbor looked towards developing shipbuilding capacity on North America’s Pacific Coast. The region turned into a volume producer of merchant vessels, warships and auxiliaries destined for service in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Shipbuilding involved four broad categories of companies in the United States and Canada that enabled the tremendous production effort.

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