In the present study we have expressed the muscarinic M3 receptor in an immortalized mouse pituitary cell line (αT3-1), which expresses an endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor, to examine potential differences in acute receptor regulation. Both of these receptors couple to the activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) in these cells and we demonstrate that, despite expression in the same cell background, acute desensitization is a feature of muscarinic M3 receptors but not of GnRH receptors. We show that, when the concentrations of GnRH and methacholine are matched to give approximately equivalent maximal elevations of Ins(1,4,5)P3, the GnRH receptor is able to sustain PLC activity at the initial rate, whereas the muscarinic M3 receptor cannot. Thus PLC-activating G-protein-coupled receptors are able to undergo rapid desensitization in this cell line, indicating that the desensitization profile is receptor-specific rather than cell-specific. This argues strongly that post-receptor regulatory features do not have a prominent role in mediating rapid desensitization in these cells. Furthermore GnRH receptor-mediated PLC activity is sustained despite a marked and persistent depletion in the steady-state level of PtdIns(4,5)P2. In contrast, activation of muscarinic receptors is not sustained despite only a transient decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2 concentration. Thus, whereas the contribution of PtdIns(4,5)P2 depletion to the temporal profile of receptor-mediated PLC signalling has been difficult to assess, the present results demonstrate that this is unlikely to be of importance in these cells. We suggest that unique structural features of the GnRH receptor result in a lack of appropriate regulatory phospho-acceptor sites and that the absence of agonist-dependent phosphorylation might underlie the lack of acute regulation.
Intrahypothalamic injection of a cell line secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone results in cellular differentiation and reversal of hypogonadism in mutant mice