Pidgin Ngarluma

This paper discusses evidence of an early pidgin in use amongst Aboriginal people of the north west coast of Western Australia. The crucial evidence comes from an Italian manuscript describing the rescue, by local Aborigines, of two castaways wrecked on North West Cape in 1875. The data reveals that the local Aborigines attempted to communicate with the Italian-speaking survivors using what appears to be an Australian language spoken some 300 kilometers further along the coast, around the emerging center of the new Pilbara pearling industry. I present an analysis of the material, showing that it differs from Australian languages of the area in significant ways and can be considered a reduced variety. I conclude that this variety is an indigenous pidgin — the first to be described for Australia.

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Aboriginal Prisoners Design Their Own Curriculum

The Aboriginal Child at School ◽

10.1017/s0310582200006817 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 24-35

Author(s):

Clare Mann

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Justice System ◽

Total Population ◽

Aboriginal People ◽

North West ◽

Political Status ◽

The North ◽

Aboriginal Culture ◽

Education And Employment ◽

Very High

Aboriginal people in Western Australia experience very high rates of imprisonment. In June 1985 the percentage of Aboriginal people in prisons in Western Australia was 32.7% (Walker and Biles 1986:23) and a large number of these were young men. Aboriginal people constitute 2.5% of the total population of Western Australia which means they are over represented at a rate of 12%(W.A.A.E.C.G. 1987:32). These figures have been extensively researched and documented (Hazlehurst 1987, Eggleston 1976 and Martin and Newby 1986) perhaps to the detriment of Aboriginal people (Parker 1987:140). Parker believes these high rates are due to the socio-economic and political status of Aboriginal people in our society, and suggests education programs about Aboriginal culture should be introduced to judicial agents accompanied by "the promotion of Aboriginal autonomy and independence in the areas of health, housing, education and employment" (Parker 1987:137). Broadhurst (1987:152) reinforces this view, asserting that the over representation of Aboriginal people in the criminal justice system is a result of deprivation and economic dependence and the development of the north-west, rather than an aspect of Aboriginality (Broadhurst 1987:179). He urges that prisons be used as a ’last resort‘.

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The Scottish Herring Trade, 1470–1600

The Scottish Historical Review ◽

10.3366/shr.2005.84.2.149 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 149-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martin Rorke

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

West Coast ◽

North West ◽

Capital Costs ◽

The North ◽

East And West

This paper uses customs figures to show that herring exports from the east and west coast lowlands expanded significantly in the last six decades of the sixteenth century. The paper argues that the rise was primarily due to the north-west Highland fisheries being opened up and exploited by east and west coast burghs. These ventures required greater capital supplies and more complex organisation than their local inshore fisheries and they were often interrupted by political hostilities. However, the costs were a fraction of those required to establish a deepwater buss fleet, enabling Scotland to expand production and take advantage of European demand for fish while minimising additional capital costs.

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The Maritime Archaeology of Alum Bay: Two shipwrecks on the north-west coast of the Isle of Wight, England

10.30861/9781407313368 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Satchell ◽

Julian Whitewright

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Maritime Archaeology ◽

Isle Of Wight ◽

North West ◽

The North

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Geochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization processes in the Essaouira region, north-west coast, Morocco

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04623-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Otman EL Mountassir ◽

Mohammed Bahir ◽

Driss Ouazar ◽

Abdelghani Chehbouni ◽

Paula M. Carreira

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Recharge ◽

West Coast ◽

Exchange Process ◽

Environmental Isotopes ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Groundwater Salinization ◽

Rock Interaction ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Water Rock Interaction

AbstractThe city of Essaouira is located along the north-west coast of Morocco, where groundwater is the main source of drinking, domestic and agricultural water. In recent decades, the salinity of groundwater has increased, which is why geochemical techniques and environmental isotopes have been used to determine the main sources of groundwater recharge and salinization. The hydrochemical study shows that for the years 1995, 2007, 2016 and 2019, the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area consists of HCO3–Ca–Mg, Cl–Ca–Mg, SO4–Ca and Cl–Na chemical facies. The results show that from 1995 to 2019, electrical conductivity increased and that could be explained by a decrease in annual rainfall in relation to climate change and water–rock interaction processes. Geochemical and environmental isotope data show that the main geochemical mechanisms controlling the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Cenomanian–Turonian aquifer are the water–rock interaction and the cation exchange process. The diagram of δ2H = 8 * δ18O + 10 shows that the isotopic contents are close or above to the Global Meteoric Water Line, which suggests that the aquifer is recharged by precipitation of Atlantic origin. In conclusion, groundwater withdrawal should be well controlled to prevent groundwater salinization and further intrusion of seawater due to the lack of annual groundwater recharge in the Essaouira region.

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