Leptosphaeria lupinicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria lupinicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: On dead herbaceous stems. HOSTS: Lupinus (Leguminosae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA (California, Colorado). TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Leptosphaeria cylindrospora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria cylindrospora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its host, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Epilobium (Onagraceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Manitoba), USA (Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Washington). ASIA: Kazakhstan (VASYAGINA et al., 1987). EUROPE: Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Romania (BONTEA, 1955), Sweden, Switzerland. TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Leptosphaeria purpurea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria purpurea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its hosts, which are mainly herbaceous, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Artemisia, Betonica, Carduus, Cirsium, Cnicus, Clinopodium, Helianthus, Satureja and Senecio. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Quebec, Ontario), USA (New York). ASIA: Pakistan. EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Conidia and ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Leptosphaeria planiuscula. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
North America ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria planiuscula. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on the dry stems of its hosts, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Achillea, Aster, Conyza, Eupatorium, Solidago (Asteraceae) and Lepidium (Brassicaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Ontario), USA (Georgia, Kansas, Massachussetts, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota). EUROPE: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland. TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Leptosphaeria rubicunda. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Dipsacus Sylvestris ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria rubicunda. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its hosts, which are mainly herbaceous, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Apiaceae indet., Dipsacus sylvestris, Leonurus, Lythrum salicaria and Sambucus nigra. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Ontario), USA (New York). EUROPE: Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy. TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Leptosphaeria fusispora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria fusispora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on the dry stems of its hosts, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Capparis, Genista, Lythrum, Onobrychis, Polygonum and Thalictrum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA (New York, Virginia). EUROPE: Austria, France, Germany, Italy,? Poland (PETRAK, 1925). TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Septoria apiicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria apiicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Apium spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot (or late blight) of cultivated and wild celery and celeriac. On leaves, seeds and seedling roots, reducing yield and causing wastage through blemishes on the edible petioles. Leaf lesions of variable size, 1-6 mm diam., abundant, amphigenous, circular or sometimes vein-limited, confluent when severe, becoming depressed pale brown, margin diffuse. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide on Apium spp. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne (Noble et al., 1958; Sheridan, 1966). Also disseminated by rain-splash, in irrigation water, by contact as well as by animals and workman's tools (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). The pathogen may remain viable in the soil for 18 months in buried celery crop refuse, but for less than 6 weeks in the absence of intact host tissue (42: 82). Viability in infected seed may drop to 2% within 8 months from harvest and both mycelium and conidia can stay alive in seed stored up to 14 months (42: 508; 44, 1332) but not beyond 2 yr.

Xanthomonas fragariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Xanthomonas Fragariae ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas fragariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae); by artificial inoculation: Fragaria virginiana, F. vesca, Potentilla fruticosa and P. glandulosa (Rosaceae). DISEASE: Angular leaf spot and vascular decline or collapse of strawberry. First described in 1962 in North America. The leaf spot phase appears as minute water-soaked spots on the underside of leaves surrounded by the smallest veins. In the early stages symptoms are only visible on the leaf underside. Spots enlarge, coalesce, penetrate to the upper leaf surface and darken, turning into large, irregular necrotic areas. They have a shiny appearance and are usually covered by bacterial exudate which, when dry, turns brown and appears as gum-like scales. Spots coalesce more frequently along the primary and secondary veins. The dead tissues tear and break off, and the diseased leaf may assume a ragged appearance. Heavy losses may occur with frequent overhead sprinkler irrigation. The conditions favouring infection are moderate to cool daytime temperatures (about 20°C), low night-time temperatures and high humidities (MAAS, 1998). In addition, blossom blight of strawberry has been found in California and is caused by a complex of X. fragariae and Cladosporium cladosporioides (GUBLER et al., 1999). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Ethiopia, Réunion. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec), USA (California, Florida, Kentucky, Minnesota, North Carolina, Wisconsin). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo), Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela. ASIA: Taiwan, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria), New Zealand. EUROPE: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy (Sicily), Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: Rain splash from infested leaf litter in the soil on to young healthy leaves. Penetration occurs through the stomata. Infections of the crowns occur through local wounds or downwards from affected leaves. Bacteria can overwinter in leaf litter and for many years in dried leaf material. Residues of infected leaves and crown infections on runners used for planting are sources of inoculum for primary infections.

Peronospora sordida. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora sordida. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Scrophularia altaica, S. aquatica, S. auriculata, S. bosniaca, S. californica, S. heterophylla, S. lanceolata, S. marylandica, S. nodosa, S. scopolii, S. umbrosa (=S. alata), Verbascum banaticum, V. blattaria, V. densiflorum (=V. thapsiforme), V. glabratum subsp. glabratum, V. lychnitis, V. nigrum, V. phlomoides, V. phoenicum, V. speciosum, V. thapsus, V. thapsus subsp. crassifolium (=V. montanum), V. virgatum. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Scrophularia and Verbascum, some species of which may be cultivated commercially for their medicinal or ornamental value; an obligately necrotrophic plant pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; USSR (Kirghizia, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan). Europe; Austria, Belgium, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, USSR (Byelorussia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, RSFSR, Ukraine), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England, Channel Islands, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales), Yugoslavia. North America; USA (California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, Virginia). TRANSMISSION: By spores ('conidia') dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores (if they are usually formed) in disease transmission is unknown.

Dibotryon morbosum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Trichothecium Roseum ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Normal Diameter

Abstract A description is provided for Dibotryon morbosum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Prunus americana, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. besseyi, P. cerasus, P. domestica, P. maritima, P. melanocarpa, P. pennsylvanica, P. pumila, P. serotina, P. virginiana and other species of Prunus. DISEASE: Black knot of plum, damson, cherry, peach, apricot and other species of Prunus. The pathogen causes the formation of elongated black hypertrophied host tissue on the current year's branches or on trunks. These are generally confined to one side and are several times the normal diameter of the stem. The knots are olive-green and corky at first, later turning black and becoming hard and brittle. In late summer some may appear pink or white due to parasitism by Trichothecium roseum. On black cherry, P. serotina, large cankerous swellings 0.6 m or more long may be formed which render the tree worthless for timber. Attacked trees become stunted and dwarfed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Confined to North America (Canada and U.S.A.) (CMI Map 48). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores which have a peak production in May (45, 3263h). Storage of knots from Prunus serotina at -20°C for 6 months had little effect on ascospore viability (44, 2699j). Conidia also tolerate low temperatures, surviving 192 days at -20°C but only 25 days at 21°C (47, 573). In addition to some conidia overwintering in a viable condition on plum and cherry, others develop from overwintering chlamydospores on plum buds and bark (14: 43). Prunings containing excised knots which are left lying in orchards can continue to produce viable spores for several weeks after being removed (9: 116; 24: 375). The pathogen may also be introduced to new areas on infected nursery stock (McClintock, 1945).

Mycosphaerella aleuritis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella aleuritis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Aleurites fordii, A. mollucana, A. montana. DISEASE: Angular leaf spot of tung. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Central African Republic, Malagasy Republic, Malawi, Zaire (probably also Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Gabon). Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan. Central America & Caribbean: Cuba, Trinidad. North America: USA. South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay? (CMI Distribution Map 278, ed. 3, 1975). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores and conidia, which are mainly dispersed by rain-splash and wind (45, 1989f).

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