Role of Molybdenum on Yield, Quality, and Photosynthetic Efficiency of White Clover as a Result of the Interaction with Liming and Different Phosphorus Rates in Andisols

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (18) ◽  
pp. 2342-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika M. Vistoso ◽  
Marta Alfaro ◽  
M. L. Mora
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Yield Quality

Factors influencing the role of clover in grass-clover leys fertilized with nitrogen at different rates I. The effects of the variety of companion grass on the yields of total herbage and of clover

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

1. A study has been made of some of the factors influencing the role of clover in grass-clover swards fertilized with nitrogen at different rates.2. From 1955 to 1957 inclusive three nitrogen treatments, 0, 4 and 10 cwt. ‘Nitro-Chalk’ (15·5% N)/acre/season, were applied to twentyone grass-clover mixtures sown in the spring of 1954. The mixtures contained either S 184, S100 or Kersey white clover alone or in association with one of the following grasses, S 23 or S 24 perennial ryegrass, S143 or S37 cocksfoot, S48 timothy or S53 meadow fescue.

The Role of White Clover in United Kingdom Pastures

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frame
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
The Face

Although white clover has long been used in UK agriculture, its use has steadily declined in recent years in favour of grass pasture heavily fertilized with nitrogen. This article argues the case for a return to grass/white clover swards in the face of rising fertilizer costs, and outlines the underlying principles of the pasture management systems involved.

scholarly journals The Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis in Porphyridium cruentum, and the Role of Chlorophyll a in the Photosynthesis of Red Algae

1959 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Brody ◽  
Robert Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Porphyridium Cruentum ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
A Minor

Quantum yield measurements were made with the red alga Porphyridium cruentum, cultured so as to give different proportions of chlorophyll and phycobilins. Totally absorbing suspensions were used so that there was no uncertainty in the amount of energy absorbed. These measurements have shown that chlorophyll, in this alga, has a photosynthetic efficiency as high as in other algal groups, and higher than the phycobilins—at least at wave lengths shorter than about 650 mµ. Wave lengths longer than this are beyond the range of maximum efficiency of chlorophyll. Under specified conditions of temperature and supplementary light full efficiency may be extended to longer wave lengths. The results of these measurements have made it unnecessary to suppose that in red algae chlorophyll plays a minor role while the phycobilins are the photosynthetic sensitizers of primary importance.

scholarly journals OVERSOWING WHITE CLOVER INTO CLEARED AND UNIMPROVED NORTH ISLAND HILL COUNTRY - THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT, FERTILISER, INOCULATION, PELLETING AND RESIDENT RHIZOBIA.

1986 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
M.J. Macfarlane ◽  
P.M. Bonish
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Inoculant Strain ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Suppression Effects

The roles of inoculation, pelleting and fertiliser were examined when white clover was oversown into recently cleared North Island hill country with a low resident white clover rhizobia population. Inoculation aided establishment at some sites. Recovery of inoculant strain from plants and soil was generally low, initial nodulation by the inoculant strain being replaced by expanding resident rhizobial populations. Pelleting was necessary to ensure inoculant survival on seed and inoculant establishment. Fertiliser application at oversowing consistently increased seedling and later plant size. Grazing managements (pre and post-oversowing), treading and chemical sward suppression effects were assessed on paddock scale oversowings of white clover into unimproved hill pastures. Pre-oversowing grazing to 900 kg DM/ha or less, and frequent post-oversowing grazings, were necessary to control competition from the resident sward. The use of paraquat: diquat at a low rate was required to maximise establishment. Reducing the water rate with herbicide from 200 to 60 litres/ha maintained high establishment on steep slopes and attained 80% of potential on easy slopes. Additional treading was a practical method of increasing establishment. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens, oversowing, establishment, rhizobia, competition, fertiliser, inoculation, pelleting, paraquat, diquat, treading, hill country.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LIME, PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM ON THE GROWTH OF WHITE CLOVER- AND LOTUS- BASED PASTURES ON PAKIHI SOILS

1981 ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Morton
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pioneer Species

A series of trials was conducted on a Mawhera gley podzol to investigate the comparative establishment and yield of white clover/ryegrass and lotus/Yorkshire fog pastures at different rates of lime, phosphate and potassium. Lotus/Yorkshire fog was superior in yield to white clover/ryegrass at all rates of lime and fertilizer, in the second and third year after sowing. This superiority was more marked at low rates of lime. The potential role of lotus as a pioneer species on pakihi soils is discussed.

scholarly journals NaCl improves reproduction by enhancing starch accumulation in the ovules of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Guo ◽  
Ming Du ◽  
Chaoxia Lu ◽  
Baoshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Abstract Background: Halophytes show optimal reproduction under high-salinity conditions. However, the role of NaCl in reproduction and its possible mechanisms in the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa remain to be elucidated. Results: We performed transcript profiling of S. salsa flowers and measured starch accumulation in ovules, sugar contents in flowers, and photosynthetic parameters in the leaves of plants supplied with 0 and 200 mM NaCl. Starch accumulation in ovules, sugar contents in flowers and ovules, and net photosynthetic rate and photochemical efficiency in leaves were significantly higher in NaCl-treated plants vs. the control. We identified 14,348 differentially expressed genes in flowers of NaCl-treated vs. control plants. Many of these genes were predicted to be associated with photosynthesis, carbon utilization, and sugar and starch metabolism. These genes are crucial for maintaining photosystem structure, regulating electron transport, and improving photosynthetic efficiency in NaCl-treated plants. In addition, genes encoding fructokinase and sucrose phosphate synthase were upregulated in flowers of NaCl-treated plants. Conclusions: The higher starch and sugar contents in the ovules and flowers of S. salsa in response to NaCl treatment are likely due to the upregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, which increase photosynthetic efficiency and accumulation of photosynthetic products under these conditions.

scholarly journals Plant responses to defoliation and relationships with pasture persistence

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
G.R. Edwards ◽  
D.F. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Grazing Systems

The effects of defoliation on plant morphology and the structure of perennial ryegrass and white clover populations are reviewed with reference to the persistence of yield in sown pastures. Maintenance of high densities of perennial ryegrass tillers and white clover stolons is fundamental to persistence. Tiller and stolon population densities are subject to within- and between-year variation, and are strongly influenced by defoliation management through processes such as competition for light, and size-density trade-offs mediated by self-thinning processes. Spring is a time when high tiller/stolon appearance and death rates occur simultaneously. Spring is also the time when clover populations undergo rapid structural change as large clover plants fragment to release small, unbranched plants with limited ability to compete for light with grasses. The central role of reproductive stem development in perennial ryegrass for summer survival of tillers and autumn re-establishment of tiller populations also highlights the importance of defoliation management during the spring for population persistence. Examples of the application of tactical defoliation management in spring, and at other times of the year, to manipulate stolon and tiller densities are presented. In some instances, such tactics may improve animal production potential, as well as the persistence of new cultivars. It is notable that the New Zealand literature on this topic is mostly more than 15 years old. Recent changes in farming systems and plant genotypes (e.g. tetraploidy in perennial ryegrass, late flowering perennial ryegrass) may require a reanalysis of established principles and practices related to defoliation x plant interactions in grazed pastures to ensure best possible pasture yield persistence and profitability of grazing systems. Keywords: grazing management, perennial ryegrass, persistence, population dynamics, white clover

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