scholarly journals Geographical distributions and host associations of larval parasitoids of frugivorous Drosophilidae in Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (25-28) ◽  
pp. 1731-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Mitsui ◽  
Kees Van Achterberg ◽  
Göran Nordlander ◽  
Masahito T. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Host Associations

Distribution, abundance and natural enemies of the invasive tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
G. Kinyanjui ◽  
F. M. Khamis ◽  
F. L. O. Ombura ◽  
E. U. Kenya ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Sentinel Plants ◽  
Open Fields

Abstract Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) has become a serious menace to sustainable production of tomato in Kenya. A survey was conducted between April 2015 and June 2016 to determine its distribution, abundance, infestation, and damage levels on tomato, and associated natural enemies. Trap counts of T. absoluta moths were recorded in all surveyed 29 counties, which indicated its nationwide distribution irrespective of altitude. Tuta absoluta was present in both open fields and greenhouses. The highest moth/trap/day was 115.38 ± 15.90. Highest leaf infestation was 92.22% and the highest number of mines and larvae per leaf were 3.71 ± 0.28 and 2.16 ± 0.45, respectively. Trap captures in terms of moth/trap/day were linearly and positively related to leaf infestations in open fields (R2 = 0.81) and greenhouses (R2 = 0.61). Highest fruits’ infestation and damage were 60.00 and 59.61%, respectively, while the highest number of mines per fruit was 7.50 ± 0.50. Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) were identified as predators of T. absoluta larvae. Nine species of larval parasitoids were recovered from infested foliage, with a combined parasitism of 7.26 ± 0.65%. Hockeria species was the most dominant (31.25%) and accounted for 12.88 ± 1.47% parasitism. Two species of larval parasitoids, Hockeria and Necremnus were obtained from sentinel plants with an average parasitism of 1.13 ± 0.25. The overall abundance and parasitism rates of recovered natural enemies were low to effectively control the field populations of T. absoluta. These findings form the basis of researching and developing effective and sustainable management strategies for the pest.

scholarly journals Potential host ranges of three Asian larval parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent M. Daane ◽  
Xingeng Wang ◽  
Brian N. Hogg ◽  
Antonio Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Female Body Size

AbstractAsobara japonica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Ganaspis brasiliensis and Leptopilina japonica (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) are Asian larval parasitoids of spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). This study evaluated these parasitoids’ capacity to attack and develop from 24 non-target drosophilid species. Results showed that all three parasitoids were able to parasitize host larvae of multiple non-target species in artificial diet; A. japonica developed from 19 tested host species, regardless of the phylogenetic position of the host species, L. japonica developed from 11 tested species; and G. brasiliensis developed from only four of the exposed species. Success rate of parasitism (i.e., the probability that an adult wasp successfully emerged from a parasitized host) by the two figitid parasitoids was low in hosts other than the three species in the melanogaster group (D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. suzukii). The failure of the figitids to develop in most of the tested host species appears to correspond with more frequent encapsulation of the parasitoids by the hosts. The results indicate that G. brasiliensis is the most host specific to D. suzukii, L. japonica attacks mainly species in the melanogaster group and A. japonica is a generalist, at least physiologically. Overall, the developmental time of the parasitoids increased with the host’s developmental time. The body size of female A. japonica (as a model species) was positively related to host size, and mature egg load of female wasps increased with female body size. We discuss the use of these parasitoids for classical biological control of D. suzukii.

scholarly journals Molecular systematics of pinniped hookworms (Nematoda: Uncinaria): species delimitation, host associations and host-induced morphometric variation

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Nadler ◽  
Eugene T. Lyons ◽  
Christopher Pagan ◽  
Derek Hyman ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Host Associations

Endophyte-Host Associations in Grasses. XXIII. A Study of Two Species of Balansia That Form Stromata on Nodes of Grasses

Mycologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. White Jr. ◽  
Tammy E. Drake ◽  
Tyler I. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Host Associations

scholarly journals How rapidly do invasive birch forest geometrids recruit larval parasitoids? Insights from comparison with a sympatric native geometrid

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. L. Vindstad ◽  
T. Schott ◽  
S. B. Hagen ◽  
J. U. Jepsen ◽  
L. Kapari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birch Forest ◽  
Larval Parasitoids

Changes in Numbers in the Parasitoid Complex Associated With the Diamond-Back Moth, Plutella Xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera), in Victoria.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Primary Parasitoid ◽  
Parasitoid Complex ◽  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Recovery

Between 1972 and 1974, a study was made of parasitoids of P. xylostella naturally infesting four successive crops of cabbages which had not received any pesticide treatment. Parasitism fluctuated in each crop, averaging 49% during the study. The major parasitoid species were Diadegma cerophaga, Thyraeella collaris and Diadegma rapi, which averaged 93% of parasitism over the study period. Six minor primary parasitoid and one hyperparasite species were also recorded. Parasitoid activity was high during spring and summer, although extremely high temperatures during summer reduced numbers of both the host and its parasitoids. Drought conditions accentuated this. Parasitism in autumn depended upon the severity of this depletion and on the ensuing rate of recovery. The more important larval parasitoids were closely synchronized with host numbers, with a distinct lag during the winter period.

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