Habitat and host associations ofCraterellus tubaeformisin northwestern Oregon

An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) is presented based on literature records from 1947–2016. The current list includes 159 species representing 48 genera. Parasitoid-host associations in Iran and distributional data are also provided. Twelve encyrtid species (7.55%) are known only from Iran but a high number of species (68 species, 42.77%) are widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. Four species previously listed from Iran, Metaphycus angustifrons Compere, 1957, Homalotylus ephippium (Ruschka, 1923), H. sinensis Xu & He, 1997, and Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard, 1910) are no longer considered present. Hosts of Iranian encyrtid species are tabulated by order and family, with the majority being Hemiptera (66.98%), followed by Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (each 9.44%), Diptera (6.60%), Hymenoptera (4.71%) and Neuroptera (2.83%). The majority of Encyrtidae known in Iran are parasitoids of the superfamily Coccoidea (46.22%). Host-plant associations of Iranian Encyrtidae are also tabulated, by plant family.

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Foliar habit in mistletoe–host associations

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2016-0238 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 219-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerhard Glatzel ◽

Hanno Richter ◽

Mohan Prasad Devkota ◽

Guillermo Amico ◽

Sugwang Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Wood Anatomy ◽

Southern South America ◽

Main Driver ◽

Almost All ◽

The Tropics ◽

Nutrient Conservation ◽

Large Vessels ◽

Host Associations

Foliar habit in parasite–host associations of mistletoes and trees is a neglected aspect in the discussion of foliar habit of woody plants. Almost all of the world’s mistletoe species are evergreen, regardless of the foliar habit of their hosts. Deciduous mistletoes are rare and confined to the northern fringes of Loranthaceae in Eurasia, and to Misodendraceae and the monotypic genus Desmaria (Loranthaceae) in southern South America. There are no deciduous mistletoes in the tropics and subtropics. Based on existing information and hypotheses on foliar habit, we asked why the majority of mistletoe species is evergreen, even on deciduous hosts, and why seasonality is apparently no driver for the evolution of deciduousness in parasite–host systems. We postulate that nutrient conservation is the main driver for evergreenness in mistletoes. Based on our own observations of wood anatomy in the host–haustorium–mistletoe continuum we hypothesize that the phenomenon of deciduousness in northerly Loranthus species is a consequence of interrupted water supply in large vessels after frost. In South America we could not find a consistent correlation between wood anatomy and deciduousness. We assume that deciduousness in these mistletoes evolved long ago in Antarctic forests under climatic and ecological conditions quite different from today.

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DESCRIPTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS ON HOST ASSOCIATIONS OF SOME LARVAL ARRENUROIDEA (PROSTIGMATA: PARASITENGONA), WITH COMMENTS ON PHYLOGENY IN THE SUPERFAMILY

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent110957-9 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 110 (9) ◽

pp. 957-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ian M. Smith

Keyword(s):

Species Groups ◽

First Time ◽

Host Associations

AbstractLarvae of 13 species representing eight genera and seven families of Arrenuroidea are described, including those of Momonia marciae Habeeb, Midea expansa Marshall, Midea alaris Young (? = M. determina Marshall), Laversia berulophila Cook, Mideopsis (s.s.) crassipes Soar, Mideopsis (s.s.) borealis Habeeb, Mideopsis (s.s.) marshallae Cook, and Mideopsis (Xystonotus) aspera (Wolcott) for the first time. Diagnoses and keys are provided for the genera, subgenera, and species groups involved. Information on host associations is given for each species. Observations on morphology and host associations of these larvae provide the basis for an original, though preliminary, outline of phylogeny in the superfamily.

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Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) diversity in rodents and lagomorphs of New Mexico with a focus on epizootological aspects of infection in Southern Plains woodrats (Neotoma micropus)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244803 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0244803

Author(s):

Irina Goodrich ◽

Clifton McKee ◽

Michael Kosoy

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Wild Rodents ◽

Southern Plains ◽

Geographic Ranges ◽

Dipodomys Ordii ◽

Infection Dynamics ◽

Pcr Targeting ◽

Insight Into ◽

Host Associations

Protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma infect a broad diversity of vertebrates and several species cause significant illness in humans. However, understanding of the phylogenetic diversity, host associations, and infection dynamics of Trypanosoma species in naturally infected animals is incomplete. This study investigated the presence of Trypanosoma spp. in wild rodents and lagomorphs in northern New Mexico, United States, as well as phylogenetic relationships among these parasites. A total of 458 samples from 13 rodent and one lagomorph species collected between November 2002 and July 2004 were tested by nested PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA). Trypanosoma DNA was detected in 25.1% of all samples, with the highest rates of 50% in Sylvilagus audubonii, 33.1% in Neotoma micropus, and 32% in Peromyscus leucopus. Phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma sequences revealed five haplotypes within the subgenus Herpetosoma (T. lewisi clade). Focused analysis on the large number of samples from N. micropus showed that Trypanosoma infection varied by age class and that the same Trypanosoma haplotype could be detected in recaptured individuals over multiple months. This is the first report of Trypanosoma infections in Dipodomys ordii and Otospermophilus variegatus, and the first detection of a haplotype phylogenetically related to T. nabiasi in North America in S. audubonii. This study lends important new insight into the diversity of Trypanosoma species, their geographic ranges and host associations, and the dynamics of infection in natural populations.

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