scholarly journals Upper triassic to middle jurassic stratigraphy of south-west Kawhia, New Zealand

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
South West

A MIDDLE JURASSIC FOSSIL FOREST FROM NEW ZEALAND

Palaeontology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1021-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANESSA THORN
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Fossil Forest

New Caledonian Triassic Bryozoa

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-747
Author(s):  
Andrej Ernst ◽  
Priska Schäfer ◽  
Jack A. Grant-Mackie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Bryozoan Species ◽  
Middle Paleozoic

AbstractFour trepostome bryozoan species are described from the Upper Triassic of New Caledonia. They include one new genus Metastenodiscus n. gen. The studied fauna shows strong paleobiogeographic relations to New Zealand and less so to Japan. Morphological similarities between Middle Paleozoic and Triassic trepostome bryozoans (e.g., abundant diaphragms) are explained by homeomorphy.

scholarly journals Assessing Avalanche-Risk Levels on Walking Tracks in Fiordland, New Zealand

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
I.F. Owens ◽  
B.B. Fitzharris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Avalanche Hazard ◽  
South West ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Walking tracks which cross relatively rugged avalanche-prone terrain are becoming increasingly popular in New Zealand. Consequently, there exists the need to develop a methodology by which it will be possible objectively to assess the avalanche hazard in the vicinity of the tracks. This paper outlines some procedures that have been used to map avalanche paths, and introduces modifications to an internationally used highway hazard index employed to quantify the danger to walkers. The Fiordland region of south-west New Zealand is an area of spectacular scenic beauty, made famous by the Milford Track which has been walked by large numbers of tourists since the late nineteenth century. In recent years, avalanches have killed one person on the track, severely damaged a lodge, and destroyed several small bridges. Other walking tracks have been opened to tourists in this century and one of these, the Routeburn Track, is included in this study. Avalanche paths which affected the Milford and Routeburn Tracks were mapped in the field using well-established techniques and applying the results of previous research on the Milford Road, where historical records are available for a period of 50 years. The risk to walkers was assessed with a hazard index which depends on frequency of avalanches, numbers of paths, time taken to traverse each path, and numbers of walkers using the track. Results indicate that the avalanche hazard is low to moderate on the Milford Track and moderate on the Routeburn Track. The management implications of these findings are outlined.

scholarly journals Tsunami risk in New Zealand

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
G. A. Eiby
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
South West ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
Submarine Earthquakes ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Sea Wave

The manner in which an earthquake produces a tsunami , or seismic sea-wave , is not well understood. In Japan and in Chile they accompany most large shallow submarine earthquakes close to the coast, while in New Zealand and much of the South West Pacific tsunamis of local origin have been of comparatively rare occurrence, and are usually small. Nevertheless, both tsunamis and seiches (resonant oscillations of enclosed bodies of water) constitute an appreciable component of our earthquake risk.

scholarly journals Thermal maturity of the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group (Alborz Range, Northern Iran) based on organic petrography, geochemistry and basin modelling: implications for source rock evaluation and petroleum exploration

2011 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI SHEKARIFARD ◽  
FRANÇOIS BAUDIN ◽  
KAZEM SEYED-EMAMI ◽  
JOHANN SCHNYDER ◽  
FATIMA LAGGOUN-DEFARGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Carbonaceous Shales ◽  
Petroleum Generation ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Alborz Range

AbstractOrganic petrography and geochemical analyses have been carried out on shales, carbonaceous shales and coals of the Shemshak Group (Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic) from 15 localities along the Alborz Range of Northern Iran. Thermal maturity of organic matter (OM) has been investigated using vitrinite reflectance, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental analysis of kerogen. Reflectance of autochthonous vitrinite varies from 0.6 to 2.2% indicating thermally early-mature to over-mature OM in the Shemshak Group, in agreement with other maturity parameters used. The shales of the Shemshak Group are characterized by poor to high residual organic carbon contents (0.13 to 5.84%) and the presence of hydrogen-depleted OM, predominantly as a consequence of oxidation of OM at the time of deposition and the hydrogen loss during petroleum generation. According to light-reflected microscopy results, vitrinite/vitrinite-like macerals are dominant in the kerogen concentrates from the shaly facies. The coals and carbonaceous shales of the Shemshak Group show a wide range in organic carbon concentration (3.5 to 88.6%) and composition (inertinite- and vitrinite-rich types), and thereby different petroleum potentials. Thermal modelling results suggest that low to moderate palaeo-heat flow, ranging from 47 to 79 mW m−2 (57 mW m−2 on average), affected the Central-Eastern Alborz basin during Tertiary time, the time of maximum burial of the Shemshak Group. The maximum temperature that induced OM maturation of the Shemshak Group seems to be related to its deep burial rather than to a very strong heat flow related to an uppermost Triassic–Liassic rifting. The interval of petroleum generation in the most deeply buried part of the Shemshak Group (i.e. Tazareh section) corresponds to Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous times. Exhumation of the Alborz Range during Late Neogene time, especially along the axis of the Central-Eastern Alborz, where maximum vitrinite reflectance values are recorded, probably destroyed possible petroleum accumulations. However, on the northern flank of the Central-Eastern Alborz, preservation of petroleum accumulations may be expected. The northern part of the basin therefore seems the best target for petroleum exploration.

scholarly journals Assessing Avalanche-Risk Levels on Walking Tracks in Fiordland, New Zealand

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.F. Owens ◽  
B.B. Fitzharris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Avalanche Hazard ◽  
South West ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Walking tracks which cross relatively rugged avalanche-prone terrain are becoming increasingly popular in New Zealand. Consequently, there exists the need to develop a methodology by which it will be possible objectively to assess the avalanche hazard in the vicinity of the tracks. This paper outlines some procedures that have been used to map avalanche paths, and introduces modifications to an internationally used highway hazard index employed to quantify the danger to walkers. The Fiordland region of south-west New Zealand is an area of spectacular scenic beauty, made famous by the Milford Track which has been walked by large numbers of tourists since the late nineteenth century. In recent years, avalanches have killed one person on the track, severely damaged a lodge, and destroyed several small bridges. Other walking tracks have been opened to tourists in this century and one of these, the Routeburn Track, is included in this study. Avalanche paths which affected the Milford and Routeburn Tracks were mapped in the field using well-established techniques and applying the results of previous research on the Milford Road, where historical records are available for a period of 50 years. The risk to walkers was assessed with a hazard index which depends on frequency of avalanches, numbers of paths, time taken to traverse each path, and numbers of walkers using the track. Results indicate that the avalanche hazard is low to moderate on the Milford Track and moderate on the Routeburn Track. The management implications of these findings are outlined.

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