scholarly journals Female sexual function six months after sexual assault: post-traumatic stress disorder strongest risk factor for impaired function

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Isabelle Högbeck ◽  
Anna Möller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Female Sexual Function ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impaired Function ◽  
Post Traumatic

Pain in the aftermath of trauma is a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Norman ◽  
M. B. Stein ◽  
J. E. Dimsdale ◽  
D. B. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundIdentifying risk factors for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is important for understanding and ultimately preventing the disorder. This study assessed pain shortly after traumatic injury (i.e. peritraumatic pain) as a risk factor for PTSD.MethodParticipants (n=115) were patients admitted to a Level 1 Surgical Trauma Center. Admission to this service reflected a severe physical injury requiring specialized, emergent trauma care. Participants completed a pain questionnaire within 48 h of traumatic injury and a PTSD diagnostic module 4 and 8 months later.ResultsPeritraumatic pain was associated with an increased risk of PTSD, even after controlling for a number of other significant risk factors other than acute stress disorder symptoms. An increase of 0.5 s.d. from the mean in a 0–10 pain rating scale 24–48 h after injury was associated with an increased odds of PTSD at 4 months by more than fivefold, and at 8 months by almost sevenfold. A single item regarding amount of pain at the time of hospital admission correctly classified 65% of participants.ConclusionsIf these findings are replicated in other samples, high levels of peritraumatic pain could be used to identify individuals at elevated risk for PTSD following traumatic injury.

Smaller hippocampal volume as a vulnerability factor for the persistence of post-traumatic stress disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 2737-2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. H. van Rooij ◽  
M. Kennis ◽  
R. Sjouwerman ◽  
M. P. van den Heuvel ◽  
R. S. Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundSmaller hippocampal volume has often been observed in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is no consensus whether this is a result of stress/trauma exposure, or constitutes a vulnerability factor for the development of PTSD. Second, it is unclear whether hippocampal volume normalizes with successful treatment of PTSD, or whether a smaller hippocampus is a risk factor for the persistence of PTSD.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and clinical interviews were collected from 47 war veterans with PTSD, 25 healthy war veterans (combat controls) and 25 healthy non-military controls. All veterans were scanned a second time with a 6- to 8-month interval, during which PTSD patients received trauma-focused therapy. Based on post-treatment PTSD symptoms, patients were divided into a PTSD group who was in remission (n = 22) and a group in whom PTSD symptoms persisted (n = 22). MRI data were analysed with Freesurfer.ResultsSmaller left hippocampal volume was observed in PTSD patients compared with both control groups. Hippocampal volume of the combat controls did not differ from healthy controls. Second, pre- and post-treatment analyses of the PTSD patients and combat controls revealed reduced (left) hippocampal volume only in the persistent patients at both time points. Importantly, hippocampal volume did not change with treatment.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a smaller (left) hippocampus is not the result of stress/trauma exposure. Furthermore, hippocampal volume does not increase with successful treatment. Instead, we demonstrate for the first time that a smaller (left) hippocampus constitutes a risk factor for the persistence of PTSD.

scholarly journals Influence of predispositions on post-traumatic stress disorder: does it vary by trauma severity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Breslau ◽  
J. P. Troost ◽  
K. Bohnert ◽  
Z. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Trauma Severity ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundOnly a minority of trauma victims (<10%) develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suggesting that victims vary in predispositions to the PTSD response to traumas. It is assumed that the influence of predispositions is inversely related to trauma severity: when trauma is extreme predispositions are assumed to play a secondary role. This assumption has not been tested. We estimate the influence of key predispositions on PTSD induced by an extreme trauma – associated with a high percentage of PTSD – (sexual assault), relative to events of lower magnitude (accidents, disaster, and unexpected death of someone close).MethodThe National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) is representative of the adult population of the USA. A total of 34 653 respondents completed the second wave in which lifetime PTSD was assessed. We conducted three series of multinomial logistic regressions, comparing the influence of six predispositions on the PTSD effect of sexual assault with each comparison event. Three pre-existing disorders and three parental history variables were examined.ResultsPredispositions predicted elevated PTSD risk among victims of sexual assault as they did among victims of comparison events. We detected no evidence that the influence of predispositions on PTSD risk was significantly lower when the event was sexual assault, relative to accidents, disasters and unexpected death of someone close.ConclusionsImportant predispositions increase the risk of PTSD following sexual assault as much as they do following accidents, disaster, and unexpected death of someone close. Research on other predispositions and alternative classifications of event severity would be illuminating.

scholarly journals Association between traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder: results from the ESEMeD-Spain study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Olaya ◽  
J. Alonso ◽  
L. Atwoli ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
G. Vilagut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background.The relative importance of traumatic events (TEs) in accounting for the social burden of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could vary according to cross-cultural factors. In that sense, no such studies have yet been conducted in the Spanish general population. The present study aims to determine the epidemiology of trauma and PTSD in a Spanish community sample using the randomly selected TEs method.Methods.The European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD)-Spain is a cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of adult population. Lifetime prevalence of self-reported TEs and lifetime and 12-month prevalence of PTSD were evaluated using the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Reports of PTSD associated with randomly selected TEs were weighted by the individual-level probabilities of TE selection to generate estimates of population-level PTSD risk associated with each TE.Results.Road accident was the most commonly self-reported TE (14.1%). Sexual assault had the highest conditional risk of PTSD (16.5%). The TEs that contributed most to societal PTSD burden were unexpected death of a loved one (36.4% of all cases) and sexual assault (17.2%). Being female and having a low educational level were associated with low risk of overall TE exposure and being previously married was related to higher risk. Being female was related to high risk of PTSD after experiencing a TE.Conclusions.Having an accident is commonly reported among Spanish adults, but two TE are responsible for the highest burden associated with PTSD: the unexpected death of someone close and sexual assault. These results can help designing public health interventions to reduce the societal PTSD burden.

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