Variability of aerosol optical thickness in the tropical Indian Ocean and South China Sea during spring intermonsoon season

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 4531-4549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyang Sun ◽  
DanLing Tang ◽  
Gad Levy ◽  
Ping Shi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
China Sea

Roles of tropical remote forcings on the South China Sea winter atmospheric and cold tongue variabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
Marvin Xiang Ce Seow ◽  
Yushi Morioka ◽  
Tomoki Tozuka
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Cold Tongue ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

AbstractInfluences from the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, and atmospheric internal variability on the South China Sea (SCS) atmospheric circulation and cold tongue (CT) variability in boreal winter and the relative roles of remote forcings at interannual time scales are studied using observational data, reanalysis products, and coupled model experiments. In the observation, strong CT years are accompanied by local cyclonic wind anomalies, which are an equatorial Rossby wave response to enhanced convection over the warmer-than-normal western equatorial Pacific associated with La Niña. Also, the cyclonic wind anomalies are an atmospheric Kelvin wave response to diabatic cooling anomalies linked to both the decaying late fall negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and winter atmospheric internal variability. Partially coupled experiments reveal that both the tropical Pacific air-sea coupling and atmospheric internal variability positively contribute to the coupled variability of the SCS CT, while the air-sea coupling over the tropical Indian Ocean weakens such variabilities. The northwest Pacific anticyclonic wind anomalies that usually precede El Niño–Southern Oscillation-independent negative IOD generated under the tropical Indian Ocean air-sea coupling undermine such variabilities.

scholarly journals Interdecadal Difference of Interannual Variability Characteristics of South China Sea SSTs Associated with ENSO

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 7145-7160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Yang ◽  
Shang-Ping Xie ◽  
Yan Du ◽  
Hiroki Tokinaga
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Easterly Wind ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Sst Warming ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract The correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) persists into post-ENSO September over the South China Sea (SCS), the longest correlation in the World Ocean. Slow modulations of this correlation are analyzed by using the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). ENSO’s influence on SCS SST has experienced significant interdecadal changes over the past 138 years (1870–2007), with a double-peak structure correlation after the 1960s compared to a single-peak before the 1940s. According to the ENSO correlation character, the analysis period is divided into four epochs. In epoch 3, 1960–83, the SST warming and enhanced precipitation over the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean, rather than the Indian Ocean basinwide warming, induce easterly wind anomalies and warm up the SCS in the summer following El Niño. Besides the Indian Ocean effect, during epochs 2 (1930–40) and 4 (1984–2007), the Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern of atmospheric circulation anomalies helps sustain the SCS SST warming through summer (June–August) with easterly wind anomalies. The associated increase in shortwave radiation and decrease in upward latent heat flux cause the SCS SST warming to persist into the summer. Meanwhile, the rainfall response around the SCS to ENSO shows interdecadal variability, with stronger variability after the 1980s. The results suggest that both the remote forcing from the tropical Indian Ocean and the PJ pattern are important for the ENSO teleconnection to the SCS and its interdecadal modulations.

TSUNAMI HAZARD AND CASUALTY ESTIMATION IN A COASTAL AREA THAT NEIGHBORS THE INDIAN OCEAN AND SOUTH CHINA SEA

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250010 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANAWAT SUPPASRI ◽  
FUMIHIKO IMAMURA ◽  
SHUNICHI KOSHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Coastal Population ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Hazard Level

In the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, many hundreds of thousands of lives have been lost due to tsunami events, and almost half of the lives lost occurred following the 2004 Indian Ocean event. Potential tsunami case scenarios have been simulated in these regions by a number of researchers to calculate the hazard level. The hazard level is based on a variety of conditions, such as the tsunami height, the inundation area, and the arrival time. However, the current assessments of the hazard levels do not focus on the tsunami risk to a coastal population. This study proposes a new method to quantify the risk to the coastal population in the region that includes the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The method is simple and combines the use of readily available tsunami data, far-field tsunami simulation models to determine the regional risk and global population data. An earthquake-generated tsunami was simulated, following an earthquake that had a magnitude larger than 8.5 Mw and occurred along a potential subduction zone. The 2004 Indian Ocean event seemed to be a "worst case scenario"; however, it has been estimated that a potential tsunami, occurring in a coastal region with a high population density, could cause significantly greater casualties.

scholarly journals Molecular and spatial distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in marine aerosols from the South China Sea to the eastern Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6841-6860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Wanyu Zhao ◽  
Lianfang Wei ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Eastern Indian Ocean ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Mass Ratios

Abstract. Marine aerosol samples collected from the South China Sea (SCS) to the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) during a cruise from 10 March to 26 April 2015 were studied for diacids and related compounds. In view of air mass backward trajectories, source regions, and geographical features, the cruise area was categorized into the South China Sea (SCS), the eastern Indian Ocean off the coast of western Indonesia (EIO-WI), the EIO off the coast of Sri Lanka (EIO-SL), Malacca, and the Sri Lanka docking point (SLDP). Total concentrations of diacids, oxoacids, and α-dicarbonyls were high at the SLDP, followed by the SCS and Malacca, and they were the low in the EIO-WI. In this study, oxalic acid (C2) was the dominant diacid during the cruise, followed by malonic acid (C3) in the SCS, EIO-WI, EIO-SL, and Malacca, and succinic acid (C4) was relatively more abundant than C3 diacid at the SLDP. Except for SLDP, C3∕C4 mass ratios were always greater than 1, and no significant difference was observed during the cruise. The C2∕C4 and C2∕total diacid ratios also showed similar trends. The average mass ratios of adipic acid (C6) to azelaic acid (C9) were less than unity except for in the EIO-WI; the mass ratios of phthalic acid (Ph) to azelaic acid (C9) were less than 2 except for in the SCS. The concentrations of diacids were higher when the air masses originated from terrestrial regions than when they originated from remote oceanic regions. Based on the molecular distributions of organic acids, the mass ratios, and the linear correlations of selected compounds in each area, we found that the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) released from the ocean surface and subsequent in situ photochemical oxidation was the main contributor to diacids, oxocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls from the SCS to the EIO. In addition, the continental outflow, which is enriched in anthropogenic VOCs and their aged products, influenced the organic aerosol loading, particularly over the SCS. Emissions from Sri Lanka terrestrial vegetation as well as fossil fuel combustion and subsequent photochemical oxidation also played a prominent role in controlling the organic aerosol loading and the molecular distribution of diacids and related compounds at the SLDP.

scholarly journals Statistical estimations of atmospheric duct over the South China Sea and the tropical eastern Indian Ocean

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (23) ◽  
pp. 2794-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoFeng Zhao ◽  
DongXiao Wang ◽  
SiXun Huang ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Eastern Indian Ocean ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Duct ◽  
Statistical Estimations
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