Civil society and democratisation in comparative perspective: Latin America and the Middle East

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Kamrava ◽  
Frank O Mora
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Comparative Perspective

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 222-244
Author(s):  
Bryn Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
State Dependency ◽  
Economic Engagement

This chapter concludes with implications of the evidence presented for the literatures on development and democratization, resource states, and protest mobilization. It demonstrates that the logic of middle-class state dependency holds not only in states where the economy is based on extractive industries. It also places the argument in a broader comparative perspective. The chapter pays attention to the autocratic middle-class supported by state economic engagement, which helps make sense of delayed democratization and democratic failures in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. It points out how development increases the size of the middle-class, leads to democratization, and stabilizes authoritarianism.

Networked Advocacy

2018 ◽  
pp. 791-802
Author(s):  
Yifat Susskind ◽  
Diana Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
National Reconciliation ◽  
Reconciliation Process

Women’s networked advocacy is a vital strategy for overcoming the exclusion of local civil society from the policymaking process. Networked advocacy provides activists at the global and local level with an opportunity to share knowledge. In doing so, it allows activists to maximize expertise, and it creates space for local civil society to participate in the development of policies and programs. Using the examples of national reconciliation processes in the Middle East and Latin America this chapter explores the strategies employed by activists to advocate for grass-roots participation and leadership. This chapter argues that networked advocacy facilitates a more inclusive reconciliation process, as it recognizes the positive contributions of local peace-builders and enables the participation of grass-roots women’s civil society. Given this, the chapter suggests that influential stakeholders who act as gatekeepers to formal reconciliation processes must recognize the power of these networks and mobilize resources and support to sustain them.

Populism and Political Representation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
Natural Means

This article examines populism as a mode of political representation from a cross-regional, comparative perspective and considers some explanations as to why it appears to be thriving and, arguably, spreading in many developing countries. It begins by considering the political and economic conceptualizations of populism, particularly in Latin America and with respect to its logic in the cultural, or ideational, dimension of politics. It then discusses the structural and institutional conditions for populism, such as democracy, authoritarianism, and civil society. The article argues that populism is a natural means of appealing to and incorporating mass political constituencies characterized by weak or widely discredited representative institutions, where many citizens are marginalized or alienated from such institutions due to socioeconomic or political exclusion.

scholarly journals Randomised, controlled trial of erenumab for the prevention of episodic migraine in patients from Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America: The EMPOwER study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110241
Author(s):  
Shuu-Jiun Wang ◽  
Artemio A Roxas ◽  
Bibiana Saravia ◽  
Byung-Kun Kim ◽  
Debashish Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Acute Migraine ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Medication ◽  
Secondary Endpoints

Objective EMPOwER, a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study, evaluated the efficacy and safety of erenumab in adults with episodic migraine from Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. Methods Randomised patients (N = 900) received monthly subcutaneous injections of placebo, erenumab 70 mg, or 140 mg (3:3:2) for 3 months. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in monthly migraine days at Month 3. Other endpoints included achievement of ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reduction in monthly migraine days, change in monthly acute migraine-specific medication treatment days, patient-reported outcomes, and safety assessment. Results At baseline, mean (standard deviation) age was 37.5 (9.9) years, 81.9% were women, and monthly migraine days was 8.2 (2.8). At Month 3, change from baseline in monthly migraine days (primary endpoint) was −3.1, −4.2, and −4.8 days for placebo, erenumab 70 mg, and erenumab 140 mg, respectively, with a statistically significant difference for erenumab versus placebo (P = 0.002 [70 mg], P < 0.001 [140 mg]). Both erenumab doses were also significantly superior to placebo on all secondary endpoints, including the proportion of patients achieving ≥50% reduction from baseline in monthly migraine days, change from baseline in monthly acute migraine-specific medication treatment days and change from baseline in the Headache Impact Test-6™ scores. The safety profile of erenumab was comparable with placebo; no new safety signals were observed. Conclusions This study of erenumab in patients with episodic migraine from Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America met all primary and secondary endpoints. A consistent numerical benefit was observed with erenumab 140 mg versus erenumab 70 mg across all efficacy endpoints. These findings extend evidence of erenumab’s efficacy and safety to patients under-represented in previous trials. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03333109

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