Stygofauna Abundance and Distribution in the Fissures and Caves of the Nardò (Southern Italy) Fractured Aquifer Subject to Reclaimed Water Injections

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantino Masciopinto ◽  
Filomena Semeraro ◽  
Rosanna La Mantia ◽  
Salvatore Inguscio ◽  
Emanuela Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Application of QMRA to MAR operations for safe agricultural reuse and marine recreational impacts in coastal areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantino Masciopinto ◽  
Michele Vurro ◽  
Nicola Lorusso ◽  
Domenico Santoro ◽  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Pathogen Transport ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

<p>The Municipality of Fasano (Puglia, Italy), i.e. owning one of 32 managed aquifer recharge (MAR) sites in operation in the Puglia region, has pioneered the reuse of tertiary-treated municipal effluent for both soil irrigations and the containment of seawater intrusion via groundwater recharge by ditches.</p><p>In this work, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) methodologies have been applied to assess the degree of safety associated with such integrated practices by assessing the risks for public health resulting from the exposure to the reclaimed water. Escherichia coli (E.coli) dose-response model was used in this work since the pathogenic E.coli is reported to potentially occur in reclaimed water obtained from treated municipal effluents. The target count of pathogens ingested during swimming or inoculated by contaminated (uncooked) vegetables and fruits, was determined from the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) Bayesian procedure applied to the results obtained from a monitoring campaign carried out in 2019. An optimization routine was applied in order to determine the most probable target pathogen count by minimizing the number of water samplings. The monitoring positions along the coast were defined by means of mathematical modeling, which highlighted the preferential pathways followed by pathogens when released into the fractured aquifer at a recharge operation flow rate of 10-30 L/s.</p><p>QMRA results indicated a negligible risk impact (12% probability of 0.4 infections per year) for soil irrigation practices and no impact on the seawater quality as a result of the additional treatment barrier provided by the so-called "soil-aquifer treatment" during the pathogen transport through the fractures of groundwater.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Unsafe tap water in households supplied from groundwater in the Salento Region of Southern Italy

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantino Masciopinto ◽  
Rosanna La Mantia ◽  
Annalaura Carducci ◽  
Beatrice Casini ◽  
Agata Calvario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Viral Indicators

Although the fractured aquifer of the Salento supplies over 80% of the drinking water requirements of the local population, its exposure to pollution has recently increased. In recent years, owing to the arid climate and droughts, the spreading of wastewater on soil for irrigation has become much more frequent. Consequently, hazardous and pathogenic microorganisms released with wastewater have been transported into the subsoil and have contaminated groundwater. An elaboration of epidemiological data has shown that the local population has the highest exposure to endemic gastroenteritis in Italy. In order to reduce human exposure to unsafe groundwater, the setback distance for drinking wells necessary to achieve the ‘natural disinfectionߣ criteria, has been determined experimentally at the Nardò aquifer (Salento region), supported by groundwater monitoring results and a mathematical transport model able to determine the apparent pathogenic microorganism pathways in fractures. The results also provided valuable inactivation constants of cultural indicators (coliforms, enterococci, Clostridium spores and somatic coliphages) and viruses in the wastewater that have been injected into the fractured aquifer since 1991. Furthermore, the efficacy of chlorine to remove viral indicators from water in a well 500 m from wastewater injection was tested. Hypochlorination reduces somatic coliphages and Clostridium spores in groundwaters but did not achieve complete inactivation in all tests. Complete disinfection of groundwater samples was possible only when there was an initial Clostridium spores count of ≤10 CFU 100 ml-1.

Summer bird abundance and distribution on set-aside fields on intensive arable farms in England

Ecography ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Henderson ◽  
Juliet A. Vickery ◽  
Robert J. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

ESTIMATION OF THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN SOIL AROUND KADUNA REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY USING NUCLEAR TECHNIQUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-604
Author(s):  
Michael A. Onoja ◽  
P. H. Bukar ◽  
C. U. Omeje ◽  
A. M. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Nuclear Technique ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Rare Elements ◽  
Petrochemical Company ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Natural Pattern

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique was used to investigate the abundance and distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in soil around Kaduna Refinery. The aim of the study is to assess the rare elements potential of Nigeria for economic exploitation. Five REEs (La, Dy, Eu, Yb, and Lu) were detected in varying concentrations ranging from a minimum of 0.6 µg/g (Lu) to a maximum of 249.0 µg/g (La). The elements existed with trends consistent with the natural pattern of REEs in soil, showing significant Eu and Dy anomalies which characterize upper plains and flood plains. The levels of REEs in soil in the study area were generally slightly above background levels, with minimal (La, Dy, and Eu), moderate (Yb), and significant (Lu) enrichments and trending: Lu ˃Yb ˃ Eu ˃ Dy ˃ La. The abundance of the REEs investigated cannot establish a potential of Nigeria for economic exploitation of the mineral, hence, rare earth project in the study area is not viable at the moment.

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