The effect of energetic and informational masking on the time-course of stream segregation: Evidence that streaming depends on vocal fine structure cues

Background: Children with reading deficits (RD) exhibit difficulty in perceiving speech in background noise due to poor auditory stream segregation. There is a dearth of literature on measures of temporal fine structure sensitivity (TFS) and concurrent vowel perception abilities to assess auditory stream segregation in children with reading deficits. Hence the present study compared temporal fine structure sensitivity (TFS) and concurrent vowel perception abilities between children with and without reading deficits. Method: The present research consisted of a total number of 30 participants, 15 children with reading deficits (RD) and fifteen typically developing (TD) children within the age range of 7-14 years and were designated as Group 1 and Group 2 respectively. Both groups were matched for age, grade, and classroom curricular instructions. The groups were evaluated for TFS and concurrent vowel perception abilities and the performance was compared using independent ‘t’ test and repeated measure ANOVA respectively. Results: Results revealed that the children with RD performed significantly (p < 0.001) poorer than TD children on both TFS and concurrent vowel identification task. On concurrent vowel identification tasks, there was no significant interaction found between reading ability and F0 difference suggesting that the trend was similar in both the groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that the children with RD show poor temporal fine structure sensitivity and concurrent vowel identification scores compared to age and grade matched TD children owing to poor auditory stream segregation in children with RD.

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Temporal fine structure cues in auditory stream segregation of complex tones

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.2932753 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 3050-3050

Author(s):

Nicolas Grimault ◽

Etienne Gaudrain

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Stream Segregation ◽

Temporal Fine Structure ◽

Auditory Stream ◽

Auditory Stream Segregation ◽

Complex Tones

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Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. I. Production of gametes and their fine structure.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.67.3.587 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 587-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

N C Martin ◽

U W Goodenough

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽

Time Course ◽

Nitrogen Starvation ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Homogeneous Material ◽

Term Survival ◽

Thin Sections

Gametogenesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been studied in mating-type plus cells utilizing several different culture conditions, all of which are shown to depend on the depletion of nitrogen from the medium, and the fine structure of gametes prepared under these conditions has been compared by using thin sections of fixed materials. We document alterations in ribosome levels, in chromatin morphology, in starch levels, in the organization of chloroplast membranes, and in the appearance of nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum membranes during gametogenesis. We also noted the acquisition of two new organelles: a mating structure (Friedman, L., A. L. Colwin, and L. H. Colwin. 1968. j. cell Sci. 3:115-128; goodenough, U. W., and R. L. Weiss. 1975. J. Cell Biol. 67:623-637), and Golgi-derived vesicles containing a homogeneous material. We chart the time course of these morphological changes during synchronous gametogenesis. We note that many of these changes may represent adjustments to nitrogen starvation rather than direct features of gametic differentiation, and we also document that cells can differentiate so that they survive conditions of nitrogen starvation for many weeks after they become gametes. We conclude that metabolic alterations, the acquisition of mating ability, and the preparation for long-term survival are all elicited in this organism by nitrogen withdrawal, and we discuss how the various structural alterations observed in this study may relate to these three interrelated avenues of cellular differentiation.

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Comparison of temporal fine structure sensitivity and concurrent vowel perception between children with and without reading disability

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21544.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1271

Author(s):

Arivudainambi Pitchaimuthu ◽

Eshwari Ananth ◽

Jayashree S Bhat ◽

Somashekara Haralakatta Shivananjappa

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Reading Disabilities ◽

Reading Ability ◽

Structure Sensitivity ◽

Stream Segregation ◽

Temporal Fine Structure ◽

Vowel Identification ◽

Auditory Stream ◽

Vowel Perception ◽

Auditory Stream Segregation

Background: Children with reading disabilities (RD) exhibit difficulty in perceiving speech in background noise due to poor auditory stream segregation. There is a dearth of literature on measures of temporal fine structure sensitivity (TFS) and concurrent vowel perception abilities to assess auditory stream segregation in children with reading disabilities. Hence the present study compared temporal fine structure sensitivity (TFS) and concurrent vowel perception abilities between children with and without reading deficits. Method: The present research consisted of a total number of 30 participants, 15 children with reading disabilities (RD) and fifteen typically developing (TD) children within the age range of 7-14 years and were designated as Group 1 and Group 2 respectively. Both groups were matched for age, grade, and classroom curricular instructions. The groups were evaluated for TFS and concurrent vowel perception abilities and the performance was compared using independent ‘t’ test and repeated measure ANOVA respectively. Results: Results revealed that the children with RD performed significantly (p < 0.001) poorer than TD children on both TFS and concurrent vowel identification task. On concurrent vowel identification tasks, there was no significant interaction found between reading ability and F0 difference suggesting that the trend was similar in both the groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that the children with RD show poor temporal fine structure sensitivity and concurrent vowel identification scores compared to age and grade matched TD children owing to poor auditory stream segregation in children with RD.

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Time-Course Changes of the Fine Structure of Rice Starch Grains during Cooking Process by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Japanese Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.1626/jcs.70.47 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katsunori TAKAHASHI ◽

Toshiaki MATSUDA ◽

Youji NITTA

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Time Course ◽

Rice Starch ◽

Starch Grains ◽

Cooking Process ◽

Course Changes ◽

Scanning Electron

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Fine Structure of Platelet Interaction with a New Microcrystalline Collagen Preparation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050305 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

W. H. Zucker ◽

R. G. Mason

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Platelet Adhesion ◽

Hemostatic Agent ◽

Native Collagen ◽

Fibrillar Morphology ◽

Clinical Interest ◽

New Form

Platelet adhesion initiates platelet aggregation and is an important component of the hemostatic process. Since the development of a new form of collagen as a topical hemostatic agent is of both basic and clinical interest, an ultrastructural and hematologic study of the interaction of platelets with the microcrystalline collagen preparation was undertaken.In this study, whole blood anticoagulated with EDTA was used in order to inhibit aggregation and permit study of platelet adhesion to collagen as an isolated event. The microcrystalline collagen was prepared from bovine dermal corium; milling was with sharp blades. The preparation consists of partial hydrochloric acid amine collagen salts and retains much of the fibrillar morphology of native collagen.

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