scholarly journals The Multilevel Governance of State Aid for Broadband Diffusion: Evidence from Three European Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paolo Gerli ◽  
Julio Navio-Marco ◽  
Jason Whalley
Keyword(s):  
State Aid ◽  
Multilevel Governance ◽  
European Countries

scholarly journals REMEDIES FOR THE CRISIS AND CORONAVIRUS-INDUCED INSOLVENCY: WHAT LEGAL "WEAPONS" ARE AVAILABLE TO FIGHT THIS "WAR"?

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
margherita lazzara
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
State Aid ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Successful Recovery

This paper aims to define certain rules that may accompany insolvent enterprises and over-indebted households in post-pandemic recovery. At this time, the crucial need to provide entrepreneurs, creditors, debtors, and consumers with certainties cannot be delayed. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, various countries are adopting measures to change the application of their insolvency laws. The Virus was circulating in Italy before spreading to all other European countries, therefore the Italian government had to adopt urgent measures, which drastically impacted insolvency and collective procedures, inter alia. The paper focuses on the legislative provisions adopted by the Italian government as compared to the recent communication of the European Commission of 19 March 2020 ("The new temporary Framework for State aid measures to support the economy in the current COVID-19 outbreak") and to the Directive (U.E.) 2019/1023 on restructuring and insolvency. In light of the foregoing, two solutions will be formulated that may be immediately adopted in support of the debt of enterprises and households to ensure the successful recovery of solvency.

scholarly journals The Rise of Neoliberalism and the Termination of Keynesian Policies: A Multilevel Governance Analysis of the Closure of the Amsterdam Shipyards, 1968–1986

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
SJOERD KEULEN ◽  
RONALD KROEZE
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Free Market ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Multilevel Governance ◽  
City Government ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Policy Paradigm ◽  
Governance Analysis

By looking at the policy termination of state aid to shipbuilders in Amsterdam, this article illustrates how a major policy paradigm shift within recent history, and the change from Keynesian to neoliberal policies, can be explained. The article is informed by a multilevel governance approach to policy change analysis and is based on different types of sources. It presents an in-depth case study of the closing of the Amsterdam shipyards and analyzes the role of policy change at different governance levels (i.e., city government, national Parliament, national government, and the European Commission). In doing so, we are able to illustrate how new actors—in this case the European Commission and the Commissioner for Competition—were able to terminate long-existing policies of state aid to shipbuilders under the auspices of improving competition and the free market at the start of the 1980s.

Mission, Ministry and Masonry: The Challenge of Heritage Buildings for Christian Witness

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Graeme Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
State Aid ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Christian Witness ◽  
The Church ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Better Than

While it might be said that the present state of repair of the majority of the churches in use in England is better than it has ever been before, the congregations of England, whether they be Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist or Baptist, face the day by day challenge of maintaining a substantial section of the nation's built heritage. The 2006 Lyndwood Lecture, delivered at St Paul's Cathedral, London, on 15 November 2006, examines possible avenues for the funding of this work, looking at the models of state aid offered by other European countries. It also considers the tension that exists between the legal imperative to view our churches not only as historic monuments but also as local centres of mission and worship. Moving on from this theme of funding, the lecture then examines the problems faced by all denominations in disposing of buildings no longer required for divine worship. It questions why the Church should continue to pay for the upkeep of buildings it no longer needs, and concludes, in the words of T S Eliot, that the Church must be forever building.

scholarly journals SCHEMES AND LEVELS OF STATE AID TO RAIL INDUSTRY IN EUROPE: EVIDENCES FROM A CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Arrigo ◽  
Giacomo Di Foggia
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Public Support ◽  
State Aid ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Rail Industry ◽  
Network Operations ◽  
Cross Country

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the evolution of both schemes and levels of public support to railway sector in selected European countries. Although prior research sheds some light on this topic, more information is required to clarify national obligations under European railway liberalisation law regarding incentives toward railway undertakings. Focusing on Italy, besides the reduction of capital grants, justified by the completion of the high-speed line Turin-Milan-Naples, this paper finds an increasing support to the service operators and in the meantime a reduction of subsidies aimed at financing network operations. This shift of resources may undermine competition. The findings of this study help to fill the gap in estimating State aid to European  railways.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

A Typology of Caregiving Situations and Service Use in Family Carers of Older People in Six European Countries

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Di Rosa ◽  
Christopher Kofahl ◽  
Kevin McKee ◽  
Barbara Bień ◽  
Giovanni Lamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Older People ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Service Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Typology Of Care

This paper presents the EUROFAMCARE study findings, examining a typology of care situations for family carers of older people, and the interplay of carers with social and health services. Despite the complexity of family caregiving situations across Europe, our analyses determined the existence of seven “caregiving situations,” varying on a range of critical indicators. Our study also describes the availability and use of different support services for carers and care receivers, and carers’ preferences for the characteristics of support services. Our findings have relevance for policy initiatives in Europe, where limited resources need to be more equitably distributed and services should be targeted to caregiving situations reflecting the greatest need, and organized to reflect the preferences of family carers.

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