The Gergovie plateau is a Lower Miocene topographically inverted volcano-sedimentary system located in the monogenetic volcanic field of the Limagne rift Tertiary basin. It is composed of three east–west aligned maars partly covered by a basaltic lava flow. The eruption of the central maar (maar 1) occurred at the Oligocene–Miocene transition, during the first volcanic phase. This phreatomagmatic structure was almost totally cut through by the opening of a second maar (maar 2) during the next eruptive phase. The basaltic lava flow at the summit and the eastern maar (maar 3) were placed during a third and last eruptive phase during the Middle or Upper Burdigalian (∼19–16 Ma). Between these periods of volcanism, three fluvial to fluviolacustrine sedimentation episodes, separated by two erosive stages, followed one another. A bedrock thickness of 100–300 m was eroded from maar 2 during the upper Aquitanian and (or) the lower Burdigalian (∼22–19 Ma). This erosion is partly due to a volcano-tectonic uplift in the southern Limagne. The complex morphostructural evolution of the Gergovie plateau demonstrates the north–south geodynamic differentiation of the Limagne rift during the Lower Miocene, since the northern part of the basin corresponded to a relatively calm lacustrine sedimentation area. More generally, the Miocene volcanic field in the South of the Limagne gives an opportunity to study interactions between volcanism, tectonics, and erosion during the late passive rifting activity phase.
Geomorphological characterization of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun lava flow-field in Iceland
