CBCT analysis of pharyngeal airway volume and comparison of airway volume among patients with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion: A retrospective study

Purpose. We investigated the pharyngeal airway dimensions and their correlations in patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery versus those who did not. Materials and Methods. One hundred and sixty cephalometric radiographs (120 patients) were obtained from patients with three skeletal malocclusion classifications: Class I and Class II in the nonsurgery group and Class III in the surgery group (preoperative and postoperative cephalograms). The following dimensions were measured: nasopharyngeal airway (NOP), uvulopharyngeal airway (UOP), shortest distance from the posterior tongue to the pharyngeal wall (TOP), and distance from the epiglottis to the pharyngeal wall (EOP). Paired t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Results. Preoperatively, UOP and TOP of skeletal Class III patients (15.2 mm and 16.6 mm) were significantly larger than those of skeletal Class II (11.5 mm and 12 mm) and Class II (12.3 mm and 12.9 mm) patients, respectively. No differences were observed in EOP between the three skeletal patterns. The hyoid bone of Class III patients was significantly anterior to that of Class I/II patients. Furthermore, UOP had a moderate negative correlation with soft palate length. Postoperatively, no significant difference (UOP, TOP, EOP, soft palate width, and hyoid bone) was found between the skeletal classes. Conclusion. Preoperatively, UOP and TOP of skeletal Class III patients were significantly wider than those of skeletal Class I/II patients. Pre- and postoperatively, EOP did not exhibit significant differences among the three skeletal classifications. No differences were found in all postoperative pharyngeal airway dimensions between Class III patients and nonsurgery patients (Class I and Class II).

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A study to compare nasopharyngeal airway space in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion

International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research ◽

10.4103/ijpcdr.ijpcdr_26_21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0

Author(s):

VijaysinhRamchandra Tanpure ◽

SV Kalavani ◽

FirozBabu Palagiri ◽

K Bhagyalakshmi ◽

SatishBabu Devaki

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Nasopharyngeal Airway

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Quantitative Analysis of Body Posture and Its Correlation With Cervical Posture in Various Malocclusions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-149271/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shruthi Pradeep ◽

Priyanka Venkatasubramanian ◽

Ratna Parameswaran ◽

Devaki Vijayalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Body Posture ◽

Force Platform ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Cervical Posture

Abstract BACKGROUND: Considering that malocclusions can cause cervico-mandibular and cervico-cranial disorders, the aim of this study is to investigate whether there are significant differences in posture in subjects with skeletal class I, class II and skeletal class III malocclusion METHODS: A clinical study conducted on 90 subjects with Angle`s class I, II, III skeletal malocclusion. Standardized Casts of the subjects were used to analyze the tooth characteristics. Lateral cephalograms were used to assess cervical posture through cervical skull Rocabado analysis. A customized force platform with pressure sensors were used for posture analysis. RESULTS: There is a difference in body posture in subjects with skeletal class I, class II and class III malocclusion and a positive correlation between body posture and cervical posture is found in subjects with these classes of skeletal malocclusion. Subjects with class I malocclusion were found to have a normal cervical and body posture. Strain values from the force platform showed equal distribution of strain on both the feet. Subjects with class II malocclusion were found to have a forward cervical posture with the forward lean of body posture. Subjects with class III skeletal malocclusion were found to have a backward cervical posture with the posterior lean of body posture. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that different classes of malocclusion present with an alteration in cervical and body posture. Correction of the malocclusion or an intervention plan for the prevailing malocclusion should be done as early as possible which can be used to correct the posture thereby restoring the equilibrium of the body.

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Pattern of Dental Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, A Retrospective Study

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2019/v34i430156 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hasan Sabah Hasan ◽

Ayshan Kolemen

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Class Ii ◽

Open Bite ◽

Class I ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Dental Malocclusion

Aim: Aims of this study were to assess the pattern of malocclusion in Erbil City, Kurdistan region- Iraq. Methods: A retrospective study includes 1212 patients (589 males and 623 females) that attended orthodontic department at the khanzad polyclinic teaching center / Erbil city, Iraq, aged 11-17 years old with a mean age of 13.49 ±1.02 years that randomly selected. The normal occlusion, malocclusion, overjet, overbite, spacing, crowding, cross bite, midline shifting and midline diastema were examined. Results: Study demonstrated that 309 (25.5%) of patients had normal occlusion. Class I malocclusion was found in 655 (72.5%), class II was found in 176 (19.5%), and class III malocclusion 72 (8.0%) patients of all examined. Crowding and midline shifting were observed more frequently in females, however, normal bite and posterior open bite were observed more frequently in males and normal crossbite more frequently in both genders. Conclusion: Results of this study showed class I molar relationship was the most prevalent type of occlusion in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq area and the most prevalent malocclusion was crowded.

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A Cephalometric Evaluation of Pretreatment and Post-treatment Outcome using Tetragon Analysis: A Retrospective Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1306 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 238-243

Author(s):

Sunil S Nayak ◽

C Pushpalatha ◽

Vinny S Bhasin ◽

Praveen Tammannavar ◽

Vinod Viswanathan

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Class Ii ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Class I ◽

Plane Angle ◽

Class Iii ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii

ABSTRACT Statement of problem Few cephalometric analyses have been put forward to assess the treatment outcome after orthodontic treatment. However, these analyses are somewhat complicated and time consuming. The Tetragon analysis is introduced with measurement of treatment outcome as one of its objectives. Purpose of study The study was undertaken to evaluate the treatment outcome by checking the skeletal and dental changes using pretreatment and post-treatment radiographs and to evaluate the efficiency of treatment in the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, using the Tetragon analysis. Materials and methods Records of 35 finished patients with fixed orthodontic therapy using preadjusted edgewise appliance were selected. The samples were analyzed separately for the skeletal parameters consisting of skeletal class I, II and III using Tetragon analysis. Results The post-treatment reduction of upper incisor palatal plane angle was found to be statistically significant in skeletal class I (p < 0.01) and skeletal class II patients (p < 0.05). The post-treatment increase in interincisal angle was found to be statistically significant in skeletal class I (p < 0.01) class II patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion Fixed appliance therapy reduced the proclination of upper incisors and increased the interincisal angle in skeletal class I and II cases but not in skeletal class III cases. The lower incisal angulation and the maxilla-mandibular plane angle did change significantly and so were the angles of the Trigon. The Tetragon analysis proved easy to measure the treatment outcome. How to cite this article Bhasin VS, Tammannavar P, Pushpalatha C, Nayak SS, Viswanathan V. A Cephalometric Evaluation of Pretreatment and Post-treatment Outcome using Tetragon Analysis: A Retrospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):238-243.

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Anatomical characteristics of mandibular bone in skeletal Class I, II and III patients by using cone beam computed tomography images in an iranian population

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Zandi ◽

Abbas Shokri ◽

Vahid Mollabashi ◽

Zahed Eghdami ◽

Payam Amini

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Ramus Height

Objetive: This study aimed to compare the anatomical characteristics of the mandible in patients with skeletal class I, II and class III disorders using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: CBCT scans of patients between 17 to 40 years taken with NewTom 3G CBCT system with 12-inch field of view (FOV) were selected from the archive. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from CBCT scans of patients, and type of skeletal malocclusion was determined (Class I, II or III). All CBCT scans were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes using the N.N.T viewer software. Results: The ramus height and distance from the mandibular foramen to the sigmoid notch in class II patients were significantly different from those in skeletal class I (P < 0.005). Distance from the mandibular canal to the anterior border of ramus in class III individuals was significantly different from that in skeletal class I individuals (P < .005). Conclusion: Length of the body of mandible in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II and III patients. Also, ramus height in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II patients. CBCT had high efficacy for accurate identification of anatomical landmarks. Keywords Prognathism; Retrognathism; Mandible; Anatomy; Cone beam computed tomography.

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Relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v9i1.25684 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Bashu Dev Pant ◽

Anjana Rajbhandari ◽

Resina Pradhan ◽

Manju Bajracharya

Keyword(s):

Third Molar ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Dental Anomalies ◽

Chi Square ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Third Molar Agenesis

Introduction: Teeth eruption is important for the development of alveolar process which increases vertical height of the face and third molar is the last tooth to erupt in the oral cavity after birth. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population. Materials & Method: A sample of 170 patients with agenesis of at least one third molar was divided into four groups according to the third-molar agenesis pattern. Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograph and cast models were used to determine the skeletal malocclusion and associated dental anomalies. The Pearson chi-square test was used for stastical analysis. Result: Among 170 patients more than half of the patients were female with the average age being 18.15 ± 3.64 years. Majority of the patients had Class I skeletal malocclusion followed by Class II and III but on group wise comparison of patients with different skeletal patterns Class I skeletal malocclusion had highest prevalence of dental anomalies followed by Class III and Class II malocclusion. Conclusion: Prevalence of third-molar agenesis was more in skeletal class I malocclusion followed by class II and III but skeletal Class I malocclusions had more dental anomalies followed by class III and class II malocclusion.

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Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.24.4.063-072.oar ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Sonia Patricia Plaza ◽

Andreina Reimpell ◽

Jaime Silva ◽

Diana Montoya

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Lateral Cephalogram ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Skeletal Pattern

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the association between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and assess which cephalometric variables contribute to the possibility of developing skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalogram radiographs from 548 subjects (325 female, 223 male) aged 18 to 66 years. Sagittal skeletal pattern was established by three different classification parameters (ANB angle, Wits and App-Bpp) and vertical skeletal pattern by SN-Mandibular plane angle. Cephalometric variables were measured using Dolphin software (Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif, USA) by a previously calibrated operator. The statistical analysis was carried out with Chi-square test, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and an ordinal multinomial regression model. Results: Evidence of association (p< 0.05) between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns was found with a greater proportion of hyperdivergent skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion using three parameters to assess the vertical pattern, and there was more prevalent hypodivergence in Class III malocclusion, considering ANB and App-Bpp measurements. Subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal pattern (odds ratio [OR]=1.85-3.65), maxillary prognathism (OR=2.67-24.88) and mandibular retrognathism (OR=2.57-22.65) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class II malocclusion. Meanwhile, subjects with maxillary retrognathism (OR=2.76-100.59) and mandibular prognathism (OR=5.92-21.50) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class III malocclusion. Conclusions: A relationship was found between Class II and Class III malocclusion with the vertical skeletal pattern. There is a tendency toward skeletal compensation with both vertical and sagittal malocclusions.

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Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 40.e1-40.e10 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Maged Sultan Alhammadi ◽

Esam Halboub ◽

Mona Salah Fayed ◽

Amr Labib ◽

Chrestina El-Saaidi

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Open Bite ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Class I ◽

Pool Data ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

Electronic Search

Abstract Objective: Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in mixed and permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016. Results: Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% [31 - 97%], 19.56% [2 - 63%] and 5.93% [1 - 20%], respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] and 4% [0.7 - 13%]. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids. Conclusion: Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.

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Comparison of skeletal anchorage and tooth-borne maxillary protraction followed by fixed appliance in Class III malocclusion

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 193-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sang-Hoon Lee ◽

Sang-Duck Koh ◽

Dong-Hwa Chung ◽

Jin-Woo Lee ◽

Sang-Min Lee

Keyword(s):

Phase Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Skeletal Anchorage ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Maxillary Protraction ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Residual Growth

Summary Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the results of skeletal anchorage (SAMP) and tooth- borne (TBMP) maxillary protraction followed by fixed appliance in growing skeletal Class III patients. Materials and methods Patients treated with maxillary protraction were selected and classified into two groups (SAMP: n = 19, mean age = 11.19 years; TBMP: n = 27, mean age = 11.21 years). Lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0), after the maxillary protraction (T1), and after the fixed appliance treatment (T2) were analysed and all variables were statistically tested to find difference between the two groups. Results Compared to the TBMP, the SAMP showed significant forward growth of maxilla (Co-A point and SN-Orbitale) and improvement in intermaxillary relationship (ANB, AB to mandible plane, and APDI) after the overall treatment (T0–T2), with no significant sagittal changes in maxilla or mandible throughout the fixed appliance treatment (T1–T2). Limitations In maxillary protraction, effects of skeletal anchorage were retrospectively compared with those of dental anchorage, not with Class I or III control. Conclusions and implications After maxillary protraction, skeletal and tooth-borne anchorage did not cause significant differences in the residual growth of maxilla throughout the phase II treatment. Orthopaedic effects with skeletal anchorage showed appropriate stability in maxilla and intermaxillary relationship even after fixed appliance treatment.

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