airway dimensions
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2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-586
Author(s):  
Nan Yu ◽  
Guangming Ma ◽  
Haifeng Duan ◽  
Youmin Guo ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Kiaee ◽  
Ludovica Nucci ◽  
Farzin Sarkarat ◽  
Ahmad Reza Talaeipour ◽  
Sara Eslami ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Considering the adverse consequences of respiratory insufficiency in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients, this study aimed to assess the pharyngeal airway dimensions in 9–12-year-old patients with unilateral CLP. This historical cohort evaluated the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 30 patients with non-syndromic unilateral CLP between 9 and 12 years and 30 age- and sex-matched non-cleft controls. Three-dimensional (3D) images were reconstructed by the Mimics software, and the nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and total airway volumes, as well as the minimal cross-sectional area of the airway (minAx), and posterior airway length (PAL) were all measured in the sagittal plane. Data were analyzed by the Student’s t test. Results The oropharyngeal and the total airway volumes, as well as the minAx and PAL in CLP patients, were significantly smaller than the corresponding values in the control group (P < 0.05). Despite smaller nasopharyngeal airway volume in CLP patients than controls, this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions Nine- to twelve-year-old non-syndromic unilateral CLP patients have smaller pharyngeal airway dimensions than non-cleft controls, and are therefore at higher risk of respiratory insufficiency.


Author(s):  
Pasupureddi Keerthana ◽  
Gunjan Negi ◽  
Prasad Chitra

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition that affects a patient’s ability to sleep normally, predisposing them to many risks and reduced quality of life. Myofunctional therapy has been proven to increase the airway space according to literature. Aim. To report the effects of AdvanSync2 Class II corrector in the management of 3 orthodontic patients who reported sleeping difficulties due to breathing problems and retrognathic mandible. Case presentation. Three patients reported to Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics with Class II malocclusion associated with sleep apnea requiring treatment. Clinical examination revealed a retrognathic mandible with airway constriction in all subjects. A non-extraction approach using an AdvanSync2 Class II corrector (Ormco Corp, Glendora, Calif) with fixed appliances was considered. Lateral cephalometric records were obtained at three stages: pre-treatment, post functional and prefinishing/post treatment. The airway was divided into 3 parts in the lateral cephalogram: velopharynx, hypopharynx and glossopharynx. The most constricted part of the airway was noted. Pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms were compared to assess the changes in airway dimensions after using AdvanSync2. Significant enhancement in airway dimensions was noted in all three parts (velopharynx, glossopharynx and hypopharynx) in all patients. Conclusion. Airway assessment is an important aspect in orthodontic diagnosis. Use of the AdvanSync2 Class II corrector in combination with fixed orthodontic appliances enhanced quality of life in Class II patients by improving airway dimensions. This approach can be recommended in the management of mild to moderate Class II malocclusions associated with mandibular retrognathism and airway constriction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-511
Author(s):  
Mustafa Alkhader ◽  
Mohammad S. Alrashdan ◽  
Nour Abdo ◽  
Rashed Abbas

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of hard palate measurements in predicting airway dimensions in patients referred for cone-beam CT (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Six hundred forty-three patients (239 males and 404 females) were examined by CBCT. Using dedicated CBCT software (Kodak CS 3D imaging version 3.8.6, Carestream, Rochester, NY, USA); different hard palate (palatal interalveolar length, palatal arch depth, maxillo-palatal arch angle, and alveolar width) and airway measurements (airway volume, minimum cross-sectional area, minimum anteroposterior distance, minimum right to left distance and airway length) were obtained and correlated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and regression analysis. Results: Although the correlation between hard palate and airway measurements was weak (Pearson coefficient (r) < 0.40), there were significant (P < 0.05) additive effects for hard palate measurements in predicting airway dimensions. Maxillo-palatal arch angle was the only hard palate measurement that had no effect in predicting airway dimensions. Conclusion: Hard palate measurements are considered useful in predicting airway dimensions in patients referred for CBCT.


Author(s):  
Rui Xavier ◽  
Sofia Azeredo-Lopes ◽  
Dirk Jan Menger ◽  
Henrique Cyrne de Carvalho ◽  
Jorge Spratley

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jung-Hsuan Cheng ◽  
Chun-Feng Chen ◽  
Ping-Ho Chen ◽  
Kun-Jung Hsu ◽  
Han-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  

Purpose. This study explored the effects of genioplasty (Gep) and anterior subapical osteotomy of the maxilla and mandible (ASOMx+ASOMd) on the pharyngeal airway dimensions of patients with bimaxillary protrusion (BiP). Method. Thirty-two patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received ASOMx+ASOMd, and group 2 received ASOMx+ASOMd+Gep. The cephalograms of the patients were collected before surgery and 2 months after surgery. Changes in the landmarks, related cephalometric angles (gonial, SN-GoGn, Y -axis, and SN-C2C4 angles), and 2 pharyngeal airway dimensions (uvulo-pharyngeal airway [UOP] and tongue–pharyngeal airway [TOP]) were analyzed. Results. Before surgery, the parameters (incisor superius, incisor inferius, menton, most superior and anterior point of the hyoid bone, tip of the uvula, inferoanterior point on the second cervical vertebra, and inferoanterior point on the fourth cervical vertebra) and measured angles (SNA, SNB, ANB, gonial, SN-GoGn, Y -axis, and C4C2-SN) of both groups showed no significant differences. Following ASOMx, the patients in groups 1 and 2 exhibited a setback by 7.0 and 6.6 mm, respectively. After ASOMd, groups 1 and 2 exhibited 4.9 and 5.3 mm setbacks, respectively. No significant difference in the amount of setback was observed between groups 1 and 2. The postoperative horizontal and vertical positions of Me in group 2 were significantly forward by 6.1 mm and upward by 1.5 mm, respectively. Regarding pharyngeal airway dimensions, TOP was decreased in group 1 (1.7 mm) and group 2 (1.3 mm). In the postoperative Pearson correlation coefficient test, the horizontal and vertical positions of Me showed no significant correlation with TOP in both groups. Therefore, Gep did not prevent the reduction of TOP in group 2. Conclusion. After bimaxillary anterior subapical osteotomy, the TOP of patients with BiP was decreased, and this situation was unavoidable, regardless of whether Gep was performed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiao Zhao ◽  
Andrew M. Hernandez ◽  
John M. Boone ◽  
Sabee Molloi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Szu-Yu Hsiao ◽  
Ying-An Chen ◽  
Chun-Chan Ting

Purpose. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharyngeal airway dimensions and their correlations among the craniocervical angle and skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained from 300 patients (≥15 years of age), of whom 150 were male patients and 150 were female patients. The patients were divided into three groups according to their skeletal patterns. The following dimensions were measured: NP: nasopharyngeal airway; PS: shortest distance from the soft palate to the pharyngeal wall; MP: Me-Go line intersecting the pharyngeal airway; TS: shortest distance from posterior tongue to pharyngeal wall; LP: laryngopharyngeal airway; UE length: shortest distance from the uvula to the epiglottis; PW: width of soft palate; PL: length of soft palate; ANB angle; palatal angle; and craniocervical angle. Paired t -test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation were applied for statistical analysis. The null hypothesis was that there were no differences among skeletal patterns in terms of pharyngeal airway dimensions. Results. The C4C2-SN angle of the Class II pattern (108.1°) was significantly greater than that of the Class III pattern (104.4°). The Class II PL was significantly longer than the Class III PL in the all patients and female patients groups. The ANB angle exhibited moderate positive correlation with palatal angle ( r : 0.462) and moderate negative correlation with TS ( r : -0.400) and MP ( r : -0.415) length. No significant differences were found in vertical hyoid lengths among all skeletal patterns. Class III (PS, TS, and MP) lengths were significantly greater than Class I and Class II in the all patients group. Regarding the LP length, no significant difference was found in the all patients group. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Conclusion. Class III had significantly greater pharyngeal airway dimensions (PS, TS, and MP) than Class I and Class II. In all skeletal patterns, NP length was moderately correlated with the palatal angle. The PS was weakly negatively correlated with the ANB and PL. The TS and MP were moderately negatively correlated with the ANB angle.


2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110076
Author(s):  
Asal Acharya ◽  
Praveen Mishra ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha

Objective: To assess the relationship of pharyngeal airway dimensions and the position of the hyoid bone in several craniofacial morphologies among Nepali adults. To assess the relationship between dimensions of the pharyngeal airway and position of the hyoid bone and compare gender dimorphism. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional observational research comprised lateral cephalograms of 150 subjects aged 16 to 30 years. Samples were separated into three sagittal craniofacial morphological groups based on the ANB (A point, nasion, B point) angle and into gender groups. Different parameters (linear and angular) for measuring dimensions of the pharyngeal airway and position of the hyoid bone were assessed. An ANOVA test and a Pearson correlation test were performed. Results: Dimensions of the pharyngeal airway were largest in skeletal Class III when compared to skeletal Class I and Class II subjects, with a lower pharyngeal airway space and the length of the nasal fossa being significantly larger. The hyoid bone was anteriorly and inferiorly placed in Class III skeletal subjects. Males had greater pharyngeal airway dimensions and a hyoid bone positioned more inferiorly and anteriorly. The nasal fossa length had a strong positive correlation with the hyoid bone position vertically. Conclusion: There were differences in the dimensions of the pharyngeal airway and position of the hyoid bone in various craniofacial morphologies among Nepali adults. Gender dimorphism was observed in both dimensions of the pharyngeal airway and the position of the hyoid bone.


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