Standards of evidence for institutional review board decision-making

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
David B. Resnik
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Board Decision ◽  
Board Decision Making

scholarly journals Is Safety in the Eye of the Beholder? Safeguards in Research With Adults With Intellectual Disability

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. McDonald ◽  
Nicole E. Conroy ◽  
Carolyn I. Kim ◽  
Emily J. LoBraico ◽  
Ellis M. Prather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Disability Service ◽  
Disability Service Providers ◽  
Institutional Review

Human subjects research has a core commitment to participant well-being. This obligation is accentuated for once exploited populations such as adults with intellectual disability. Yet we know little about the public’s views on appropriate safeguards for this population. We surveyed adults with intellectual disability, family members and friends, disability service providers, researchers, and Institutional Review Board (IRB) members to compare views on safeguards. We found many points of convergence of views, particularly for decision-making and participation. One trend is that adults with intellectual disability perceive greater safety in being engaged directly in recruitment, and recruitment by specific individuals. Researchers and IRB members need to consider community views to facilitate the safe and respectful inclusion of adults with intellectual disability.

scholarly journals Included, but still not equal? Gender segregation at quota regulated boards

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aagoth Storvik ◽  
Trygve Gulbrandsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
New Women ◽  
Window Dressing ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Board Decision ◽  
Board Decision Making

In 2003 Norway introduced a new regulation that required at least 40 percent of each gender on company boards. Norway was the first country in the world to introduce such a law, but several countries have since proposed similar arrangements. Before the reform, opponents of the law in Norway claimed that the new women directors would not be allowed to participate fully in board decision-making. Instead, their role would only be window dressing. Based on a questionnaire sent to all directors in public limited companies in 2009, the article studies this allegation. Results show that women directors report less ability to influence board decision making than men directors. Moreover, women to a lesser extent feel they are part of the inner circle on boards where such phenomena is perceived to exist. These tendencies also hold when we control for many other independent variables such as board role, ownership interest, number of directorships, and occupation, among others. Hence, the quota regulated boards might show tendencies of gender hierarchies and resegregation.

Parole Board Decision Making and Constitutional Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Courtney Hritz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Parole Board ◽  
Board Decision ◽  
Board Decision Making

Parole board decision making has changed dramatically over the last century, mirroring broader trends in criminal punishment. Even though parole decisions affect the length of prison sentences and the US Supreme Court has safeguarded defendants’ rights during the sentencing phase of criminal proceedings, the court has largely declined to interfere in parole. After briefly surveying the historical evolution of parole in the United States, this article proceeds in two parts. First, the article analyzes Supreme Court cases involving sentencing and parole and discusses questions raised by those decisions. Second, the article examines modern studies of parole board decisions and highlights ethical and legal questions raised by the research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Volume 17 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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