Effectiveness of using an unskilled model in action observation combined with motor imagery training for early motor learning in elderly people: a preliminary study

Background: There is an urgent need to systematically analyze the growing body of literature on the effect of motor imagery (MI) training in children and adolescents. Methods: Seven databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched. Two reviewers independently screened references and full texts, and extracted data (studies’ methodology, MI elements, temporal parameters). Two studies were meta-analyzed providing the standard mean difference (SDM). Selected studies were evaluated with the risk of bias (RoB) and GRADE tools. Results: A total of 7238 references were retrieved. The sample size of the 22 included studies, published between 1995 and 2021, ranged from 18 to 136 participants, totaling 934 (nine to 18 years). Studies included healthy pupils, mentally retarded adolescents, children with motor coordination difficulties or with mild mental disabilities. The motor learning tasks focused on upper, lower and whole body movements. SMDs for the primary outcome of pooled studies varied between 0.83 to 1.87 (95% CI, I2, T2 varied 0.33–3.10; p = 0.001; 0–74%; 0–0.59). RoB varied between some concerns and high risk. GRADE rating was low. Conclusions: MI combined with physical practice (PP) might have a high potential for healthy and impaired children and adolescents. However, important reporting recommendations (PETTLEP, TIDieR, CONSORT) should be followed. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021237361.

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Motor imagery training promotes motor learning in adolescents with cerebral palsy: comparison between left and right hemiparesis

Experimental Brain Research ◽

10.1007/s00221-016-4554-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 234 (6) ◽

pp. 1515-1524 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Audrey Sartori Cabral-Sequeira ◽

Daniel Boari Coelho ◽

Luis Augusto Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Motor Learning ◽

Motor Imagery ◽

Imagery Training ◽

Left And Right

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S11.4 Action observation and motor imagery in motor learning: evidence from EEG and kinematic analysis

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60093-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. S29

Author(s):

F. Natali ◽

J.J. Gonzalez-Rosa ◽

S. Velikova ◽

A. Tettamanti ◽

R. Gatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Motor Imagery ◽

Kinematic Analysis ◽

Action Observation

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Enhancement of motor-imagery ability via combined action observation and motor-imagery training with proprioceptive neurofeedback

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. 134-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yumie Ono ◽

Kenya Wada ◽

Masaya Kurata ◽

Naoto Seki

Keyword(s):

Motor Imagery ◽

Action Observation ◽

Imagery Ability ◽

Imagery Training ◽

Combined Action

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Motor Imagery Training for Gait Rehabilitation of People With Post-Stroke Hemiparesis: Practical Applications and Protocols

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n11p66 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ayelet Dunsky ◽

Ruth Dickstein

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Motor Imagery ◽

Stroke Rehabilitation ◽

Treatment Session ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Impaired Performance ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Imagery Training ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

Learning Principles

Over the last two decades, the use of motor imagery (MI) for post-stroke rehabilitation has significantly increased. Previous findings support the feasibility of the incorporation of specific MI exercises to improve walking skills in individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis. However, detailed practical applications and specific protocols for the implementation of MI are scarce. The objective of this manuscript is to propose practical applications for a structured MI regimen, including detailed protocols of a six-week intervention targeting gait improvement following stroke. The proposed regimen is based on previous experience with MI rehabilitation programs for gait improvement following stroke, motor learning principles with applications for stroke rehabilitation, and the PETTLEP model. The proposed detailed protocols were found to be adjusted for gait improvement of post-stroke survivors as described in several studies, and may address the targets of different rehabilitation programs. Based on motor learning principles and guidelines, an example of verbal instructions for each treatment session during six weeks of intervention is proposed. The potential of this training program to augment and extend the rehabilitation process was proven in several studies. The variety of possibilities of scenes to image allows the clinician to target specific impaired performance and disabilities. By using the proposed structure and protocols, a large number of therapists may be able to address these targets.

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