THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVIEW, ASK QUESTIONS, READ, AND SUMMARIZE STRATEGY IN READING CLASS: AN ACTION RESEARCH STUDY

This research aimed to improve students' reading ability using the PAQRS strategy. This research applied a classroom action research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles consisting of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Each cycle consists of four meetings. The researcher conducted tests, interviews, and observations in collecting the data. The data is presented quantitatively as the primary and supporting data. The study's findings showed that 18.91% of students achieved the minimum completeness criteria, and the average score was 67.35 in the first cycle test. While 81.08% of students achieved the minimum completeness criteria, the average score was 76.72 in the second cycle test. The result of the research indicated that students' achievement is an increase from cycle 1 to cycle 2. This study concludes that the PAQRS strategy can successfully improve students' reading skills.

A Repertoire of Virtual-Reality, Occupational Therapy Exercises for Motor Rehabilitation Based on Action Observation

There is a growing interest in action observation treatment (AOT), i.e., a rehabilitative procedure combining action observation, motor imagery, and action execution to promote the recovery, maintenance, and acquisition of motor abilities. AOT studies employed basic upper limb gestures as stimuli, but—in principle—the AOT approach can be effectively extended to more complex actions like occupational gestures. Here, we present a repertoire of virtual-reality (VR) stimuli depicting occupational therapy exercises intended for AOT, potentially suitable for occupational safety and injury prevention. We animated a humanoid avatar by fitting the kinematics recorded by a healthy subject performing the exercises. All the stimuli are available via a custom-made graphical user interface, which allows the user to adjust several visualization parameters like the viewpoint, the number of repetitions, and the observed movement’s speed. Beyond providing clinicians with a set of VR stimuli promoting via AOT the recovery of goal-oriented, occupational gestures, such a repertoire could extend the use of AOT to the field of occupational safety and injury prevention.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Mahasiswi PGPAUD pada Kelas Microteaching Melalui Metode Drill and Practice

Microteaching is a compulsory subject taken by students of program study PG PAUD semester VI. The purpose of this activity is to improve understanding and basic skills of teaching PAUD students in Microteaching classes using drill and practice methods. The research method used in this research is Classroom Action Research, there are 4 stages in this activity, namely: planning, action, observation and reflection. The data collection technique used an observation technique using an observation sheet related to eight basic teaching skills and the data analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative. The results of this research in the practice session of cycle II there was an increase in almost all female students who succeeded and were able to apply the eight basic teaching skills in their teaching practice, only a few who had not succeeded because they could not control time, were still nervous and this could be overcome with a lot of work practice, and still having difficulty in choosing the right language and easy to understand for early childhood. Recommendations from this research are aimed at educational stakeholders where this increase occurs because of the training process (practice) that occurs repeatedly and the evaluation or reflection of each student who appears, there are real and direct examples of being able to develop every aspect of basic teaching skills in each student.

Neural Suppression Elicited During Motor Imagery Following the Observation of Biological Motion From Point-Light Walker Stimuli

Introduction: Advantageous effects of biological motion (BM) detection, a low-perceptual mechanism that allows the rapid recognition and understanding of spatiotemporal characteristics of movement via salient kinematics information, can be amplified when combined with motor imagery (MI), i.e., the mental simulation of motor acts. According to Jeannerod’s neurostimulation theory, asynchronous firing and reduction of mu and beta rhythm oscillations, referred to as suppression over the sensorimotor area, are sensitive to both MI and action observation (AO) of BM. Yet, not many studies investigated the use of BM stimuli using combined AO-MI tasks. In this study, we assessed the neural response in the form of event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERD/S) patterns following the observation of point-light-walkers and concordant MI, as compared to MI alone.Methods: Twenty right-handed healthy participants accomplished the experimental task by observing BM stimuli and subsequently performing the same movement using kinesthetic MI (walking, cycling, and jumping conditions). We recorded an electroencephalogram (EEG) with 32 channels and performed time-frequency analysis on alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (18–24 Hz) frequency bands during the MI task. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to test statistical significance among conditions and electrodes of interest.Results: The results revealed significant ERD/S patterns in the alpha frequency band between conditions and electrode positions. Post hoc comparisons showed significant differences between condition 1 (walking) and condition 3 (jumping) over the left primary motor cortex. For the beta band, a significantly less difference in ERD patterns (p < 0.01) was detected only between condition 3 (jumping) and condition 4 (reference).Discussion: Our results confirmed that the observation of BM combined with MI elicits a neural suppression, although just in the case of jumping. This is in line with previous findings of AO and MI (AOMI) eliciting a neural suppression for simulated whole-body movements. In the last years, increasing evidence started to support the integration of AOMI training as an adjuvant neurorehabilitation tool in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Conclusion: We concluded that using BM stimuli in AOMI training could be promising, as it promotes attention to kinematic features and imitative motor learning.

Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika dengan Alat Peraga Gelas Variabel bagi Siswa SMPN 3 Kayangan

This study aims to improve student activity and learning outcomes on the subject matter of linear equations with one variable with the help of variable glass props through STAD Type Cooperative learning for students of SMPN 3 Kayangan, North Lombok Regency. This research method uses classroom action research with qualitative and quantitative approaches, which are carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of stages of implementation, giving action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were students of class VII.2 SMPN 3 Kayangan, totaling 33 students. Data collection techniques used observation sheets and tests were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of this study indicate that the increase in student learning outcomes in the first cycle obtained mastery learning reached 54.55% with an average value of 64.45. In the second cycle, the learning completeness was obtained by 66.7% with an average value of 66.6. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the STAD Type Cooperative approach learning could increase the activity and learning outcomes of class VII.2 students of SMP Negeri 3 Kayangan, North Lombok.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika di SMKN 1 Praya Tengah

This study aims to increase students' motivation to learn mathematics on the subject of circles through the application of a team games tournament (TGT) type of cooperative learning model. This research is a classroom action research which consists of two cycles and each of them consists of four main activities, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection in an interrelated spiral. The subjects of this study were students of class X Accounting at SMKN 1 Praya Tengah, totaling 32 people. Data collection instruments in the form of questionnaires and observations as well. While the data analysis technique used descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that students' learning motivation on the subject of the circle has increased from cycle I to cycle II. The attention aspect of the first cycle at the first meeting was 18.75%, the second meeting was 56.25%, in the second cycle 81.25%. The tenacity aspect of the first cycle of the first meeting was 12.50%, the second meeting was 50%, the second cycle was 75%. Aspects of perseverance in the first cycle of the first meeting 25%, at the second meeting 56.25%, the second cycle 87.5%. The interest aspect of the first cycle of the first meeting is 6.25%, the second meeting is 43.75%, the second cycle is 75%. The courage aspect of the first cycle of the first meeting was 18.75%, and the first cycle of the second meeting was 56.25%, the second cycle was 81.25%. The results of the motivation questionnaire in the first cycle of the first meeting were 50.42%, in the first cycle the second meeting was 80.42% and increased in the second cycle to 92.92%. So it can be concluded that cooperative learning of the type of teams games tournament (TGT) can increase students' learning motivation on the subject of circles in class X Accounting at SMKN 1 Praya Tengah.

Letter's recognition in early literacy through snakes and ladder games

This study aims to determine the process of applying the game of snakes and ladders in increasing letter recognition in children aged 4-5 years at the Pembina State Kindergarten of Langsa City and to see the activities of children in learning to recognize letters using the game of snakes and ladders. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects in this study were the 17 children of group B of the Pembina State Kindergarten in Langsa City. The method used in data collection, namely, observation and interviews. Data collection techniques using descriptive quantitative. The results of the study showed that the game of snakes and ladders can improve children's ability to recognize letters. At the time of pre-action observation, the percentage of ability to recognize letters was 43% with indicators recognizing letter symbols 15%, making meaningful scribbles 15%, writing and speaking letters (A-Z) 11.7%. In the first cycle the percentage of increase in children's letter recognition was 66.4% with a category of 15 children starting to develop 2 children developing according to expectations (BSH) with indicators recognizing letter symbols 20.5%, making meaningful scribbles 23.5%, writing and writing. pronounce the letters (AZ) 22%. Furthermore, in cycle II there was a very significant increase, namely 98% with the criteria of 13 children developing as expected (BSH) and 4 children developing very well (BSB) with indicators recognizing letter symbols 33%, making meaningful scribbles 32%, writing and speaking letters (AZ) 32%. Based on the description of the results of the research before the action, cycle I and cycle II, it can be concluded that the snake and ladder game is able to improve the ability to recognize children's letters in the Pembina State Kindergarten of Langsa City.