Estimating the Cost of Ordinary Share Capital to Quoted Nigerian Banks

Changes in share capital. A company's ordinary share capital can be altered by changing the amount of issued share capital or the number of issued shares or a combination of the two. Such changes can be effected through rights issues, capitalization issues, the subdivision of shares, the reduction of share capital and the consolidation of shares. Each of these avenues is dealt with in this article, which embodies selected results of an empirical survey of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The discussion of rights issues includes the reasons for such issues, the discounts allowed on prevailing market prices, the factors which influence the success of an issue, and the effects of rights issues on the market prices of existing shares and letters of allotment. The reasons for and benefits of sub-divisions of shares and capitalization issues are considered, as are the reasons for and financial implications of a reduction in a company's issued share capital.'n Maatskappy se gewone aandelekapitaal kan gewysig word deur die bedrag van uitgereikte aandelekapitaal of die aantal uitgereikte aandele te verander of 'n kombinasie van die twee. Sodanige veranderings kan teweeggebring word deur regteuitgiftes, kapitalisasie-uitgiftes, die onderverdeling van aandele, die vermindering van aandelekapitaal en die konsolidasie van aandele. Elk van hierdie metodes word in die artikel bespreek wat geselekteerde resultate van 'n empiriese oorsig van maatskappye, wat op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs genoteer is, bevat. Die bespreking van regteuitgiftes bevat die redes vir sodanige uitgiftes, die diskonto's wat op heersende markpryse toegelaat word, die faktore wat die sukses van 'n uitgifte beinvloed, en die uitwerking van regte-uitgiftes op die markpryse van bestaande aandele en toekenningsbriewe. Die redes vir en voordele van die onderverdeling van aandele en kapitalisasie-uitgiftes word bespreek sowel as die redes vir en finansiele implikasies van 'n vermindering in die maatskappy se uitgereikte aandelekapitaal.

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Board of Directors Decisions And Performance of Deposit Money Banks: An Analytical Approach

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ◽

10.47191/ijmra/v4-i4-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Ades George ◽

Keyword(s):

Central Bank ◽

Credit Risk ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Share Capital ◽

Return On Equity ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

And Performance ◽

Ordinary Share

The study examines the relationship between Board of Directors Decisions and Performance of Deposit Money Banks: An analytical approach in Nigeria for the period 1990–2018. The study measured Ordinary share capital, Debenture, Investment in subsidiaries, and Loans /advances as proxies for Board of Directors decisions while Return on Equity was used as proxies for Performance of deposit money banks for the said periods under review. In the course of the study, data were obtained from the website of Central Bank Statistical bulletin and annual report of Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test option was used to test for unit root. The ARDL and Bounds test were used to estimate the short and long run relationships. This study found that at short run, the board of director’s decisions on financing and investment decisions has positive relationship with return on equity, but are not significant predictors of return on equity. However, at long run the director’s decisions on financing options i.e. ordinary share capital and debenture, investment in subsidiaries and granting of loans have a long run relationship with return on equity of deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period 1990-2018. Strong credit risk administration/procedures should be religiously followed especially (know your customer) and complied with by credit risk managers in all deposit money banks in Nigeria. Ordinary share capital should be a source of financing at the short run. These were some of the recommendations proffered, to the Government, monetary authorities, Central Bank of Nigeria, researchers and Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria.

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Return on Ordinary Share Capital and Reserves

Between the Lines of the Balance Sheet ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-024071-8.50012-1 ◽

1980 ◽

pp. 35-41

Author(s):

MICHAEL GREENER

Keyword(s):

Share Capital ◽

Ordinary Share

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The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100165525 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 612-613

Author(s):

James F. Mancuso

Keyword(s):

Head Start ◽

Image Acquisition ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Financial Applications ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Instrument Control ◽

The Cost ◽

Training And Support ◽

Control Image ◽

Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

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New Feasible Concepts of Aberration Correction for Realizing High-Resolution Electron Microscopes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100179762 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 202-203

Author(s):

H. Rose

Keyword(s):

Spherical Aberration ◽

Wave Length ◽

Electron Wave ◽

Optical Lens ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Rotationally Symmetric ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

The Cost ◽

Imaging Performance ◽

Acceleration Voltage

The imaging performance of the light optical lens systems has reached such a degree of perfection that nowadays numerical apertures of about 1 can be utilized. Compared to this state of development the objective lenses of electron microscopes are rather poor allowing at most usable apertures somewhat smaller than 10-2 . This severe shortcoming is due to the unavoidable axial chromatic and spherical aberration of rotationally symmetric electron lenses employed so far in all electron microscopes.The resolution of such electron microscopes can only be improved by increasing the accelerating voltage which shortens the electron wave length. Unfortunately, this procedure is rather ineffective because the achievable gain in resolution is only proportional to λ1/4 for a fixed magnetic field strength determined by the magnetic saturation of the pole pieces. Moreover, increasing the acceleration voltage results in deleterious knock-on processes and in extreme difficulties to stabilize the high voltage. Last not least the cost increase exponentially with voltage.

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