Interactions of Residents Who Have Intellectual Disability and Challenging Behaviours

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Karen Nankervis ◽  
Adrian Ashman ◽  
Alysia Weekes ◽  
Michael Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Types of Mental Disorders in People with Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Mental disorders are common in people with intellectual disability, with a reported point prevalence of 36% in children and young people (including challenging behaviours), and 40.9% in adults (or 28.3% excluding challenging behaviours). People with intellectual disability experience all types of mental disorders, some more commonly than the general population, e.g. autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and dementia. Challenging behaviours are also common, and have no clear general population equivalent. Multi-morbidity of mental and physical disorders is typical. Mental disorder assessments are complex due to multi-morbidity and polypharmacy, in addition to impairments in communication, understanding, vision, and hearing, and the need to work with family and paid carers as well as the person with intellectual disability. Mental disorder classificatory systems have been developed for people with intellectual disability, in view of under-reporting when using general population manuals: DC-LD was designed to complement ICD-10, and DM-ID 2 to interpret DSM-5.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and people with intellectual disability: impacts of a pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Courtenay ◽  
B. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Challenging Behaviours ◽  
Community Supports ◽  
Placement Breakdown

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic affect all groups in society. People with intellectual disability (ID) are especially vulnerable to the physical, mental and social effects of the pandemic. Cognitive impairments can limit understanding of information to protect them relying on carers to be vigilant on their behalf during quarantine. Restrictions on usual activities are likely to induce mental stress especially among those who are autistic leading to an escalation in challenging behaviours, risk of placement breakdown and increased the use of psychotropic medication. People with ID are vulnerable to exploitation by others where the usual community supports no longer function to protect them. In future pandemics, it is important that lessons are learned from the impacts COVID-19 have on people with ID. Collecting the evidence through a rigorous approach should help to empower people with ID and their carers to face future outbreaks of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Mothers’ perspectives on the lived experience of children with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joann Kiernan ◽  
Duncan Mitchell ◽  
Jois Stansfield ◽  
Carol Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Experience Of Inclusion ◽  
Challenging Behaviours ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Children With Intellectual Disability

Children with intellectual disability and behavioural needs (challenging behaviour) are vulnerable to exclusion from services and communities. The situation is exacerbated by difficulties in accessing appropriate support and services to effectively meet the needs of children and carers. Family perspectives on the ‘lived experience’ of children can provide insight into how behavioural needs can affect their ability to access everyday experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers of children with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours. Phenomenological thematic analysis provided four key themes: finding our way; square services, round needs; behaviour touches everything and belonging. Experience of inclusion and exclusion was a central tenet of the lived experience. Recommendations call for timely proactive and bespoke interventions to identify and support children at risk of exclusion from communities. Early intervention and effective local provision will avoid increased burdens placed on families and services, in supporting children whose needs are currently unmet within child-centred provision.

Predictors of challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Koritsas ◽  
Teresa Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Severity Of Disability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which mental health, physical health, communication, learned function of the behaviour(s), severity of disability, living arrangement, age, and gender, alone or in combination, predicted challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disability. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 74 adults with intellectual disability and their paid carers were recruited into the study from adult disability services in Victoria, Australia. Paid carers provided information about participants with intellectual disability on a range of measures targeting each variable of interest. Findings – Based on principle components analyses of three challenging behaviour measures, two topographies of challenging behaviour emerged: contact and non-contact behaviours. Multiple regression analysis revealed that contact behaviours were predicted by anxiety scores and severity of disability. In addition to severity of disability and anxiety scores, non-contact behaviours were also predicted by sensory scores. Practical implications – The results of the current study indicate that contact and non-contact behaviours were determined by multiple factors. Clinicians and others who work with people who display challenging behaviour may, therefore, find it helpful to utilise the biopsychosocial model in their formulations of possible reasons that motivate a person to engage in challenging behaviour. Originality/value – These results contribute to the evidence base available to clinicians and researchers to guide future assessment for challenging behaviour. Expansion of functional assessment methods to explore factors not traditionally included, such as mental health and severity of intellectual disability, as causes of challenging behaviour, may prove helpful.

Psychosocial Interventions for Individuals with Intellectual Disability

2016 ◽  
pp. 262-282
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Aditi Lohan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Adaptive Behaviours ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

In the recent years, there has been an increased interest and focus on improving the quality of life of individuals with disabilities. In the year 2006, the United Nations drafted the Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) aimed at securing and protecting the human rights of persons with disabilities. As of November 2015, 160 countries have become signatories of this convention and many countries are working towards making legislations consistent with the CRPD to protect the human rights of individuals with disabilities (UN Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities, 2015). Individuals with intellectual disabilities often face increased challenges in self-care, emotional regulation and decision making due to their cognitive and adaptive skill limitations, which further impacts on their quality of life (Emerson, 2001a). A large proportion of population with intellectual disability display several forms of challenging behaviours including aggressive behaviours, self-harm, stereotypical behaviours and sexual misconducts (Crocker, Mercier, Lachapelle, Brunet, Morin & Roy 2006; Emerson et al., 2001b; Poppes, Putten, & Vlaskamp, 2010). Poppes et al. (2010) found a prevalence of self-harm and stereotypical behaviour in 82% of their participants with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD) and 45% of their study participants displayed aggressive and destructive behaviours. Challenging behaviour appears to be a central theme in intellectual disability and its treatment. This chapter provides a discussion of the principles of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) in prevention and treatment of challenging behaviours as well as improving the adaptive behaviours of individuals with intellectual disability.

Antipsychotic prescribing for patients with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Elhusein ◽  
Yassin Eltorki ◽  
Oraib Abdallah ◽  
Mohamed El Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antipsychotic Prescribing ◽  
Challenging Behaviours ◽  
Audit Standards

Purpose Review of antipsychotic prescribing practices, rationale and follow-up using an internationally standardized audit can be an effective tool to encourage and monitor best practices. The purpose of this study is to audit the current prescribing pattern for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours in Qatar. Design/methodology/approach This study was based on the challenging behaviour management guidelines recommended by the Royal College of Psychiatrists. All current electronic medical records in the Mental Health Service-Hamad Medical Corporation were examined to identify patients with intellectual disabilities who received antipsychotics for challenging behaviour. Demographic variables, such as age, sex and nationality, were collected. In addition, details of psychiatric diagnoses, prescribed psychotropic medications and diagnoses of epilepsy were also collected. For patients who were prescribed antipsychotic medication, the clinical rationale for such medication was collected along with evidence of side effect monitoring to allow performance against the audit standards to be measured. Findings This is the first audit on prescribing practices in people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour in the state of Qatar. The results of this study regarding the pattern of prescribing practices for patients with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour reflect the limitation in knowledge and experience among non-specialist practitioners within mental health service. The result may be helpful to support the development of specialist service provision to improve the care for such vulnerable group. The result may also help other medical centres and clinicians by providing an improved understanding of possible deviations from the best medical practices. Originality/value This is the first audit on prescribing practices in people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour in the state of Qatar. The study is also noteworthy as, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is one of only a few studies on antipsychotic prescribing for patients with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour in the Middle East; therefore, it will be useful in raising awareness and promoting the best practices in the Middle East region. This study is also among the first few studies that were designed based on the four audit standards by the Royal College of Psychiatrists in this area.

Exploring how the diagnostic process stratifies children with intellectual disability navigating the service system in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
pp. 174462952095476
Author(s):  
Anna Don ◽  
Patrick O’Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Service System ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Priority Needs ◽  
Challenging Behaviours ◽  
Children With Intellectual Disability

Children with intellectual disability experience a higher prevalence of dental disease, obesity, challenging behaviours, and mental health disorders compared to children without intellectual disability. Children with intellectual disability concurrently face health and social service navigational barriers that are associated with unresolved health needs and hospital admissions, and parent burnout and employment interruptions. In this study, we explored the knowledge gap of how carers and governmental agencies, providing services, understand intellectual disability using discourse analysis, and a theoretical framework applying Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of the rhizome and stratification. We found that children with intellectual disability were stratified into eligible or ineligible service recipients through the diagnostic process that prioritized specified characteristics. Carers did not perceive that their children’s unique characteristics and needs were accounted for within the diagnostic process and expressed feelings of being dismissed by clinicians and providers in decision-making about priority needs and services.

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