Path dependency when prioritising disaster and humanitarian response under high levels of conflict: a qualitative case study in South Sudan

In high-conflict scenarios, humanitarian needs often surpass resources, and humanitarians are faced with ongoing challenges of whom to prioritise and where to work. This process is often referred to as ‘targeting’, but this article uses the concept of ‘triage’ to emphasise how prioritisation is a continuous and political process, rather than a one-off exercise to find the best match between needs and programme objectives. This study focused on South Sudan, exploring the formal and informal dynamics at the national, regional and local levels of humanitarian decisions. The article is based on semi-structured interviews and multiple meetings and observations of programmes over four months of fieldwork in 2017. This fieldwork was beset by many of the problems that humanitarians also encounter in their work, including complicated access, logistics difficulties and security challenges. Humanitarian action is meant to be flexibly deployed to respond to priority needs resulting from conflict or disasters, and agencies have multiple tools and policies to facilitate this. However, in reality, we find humanitarian action largely locked into path-dependent areas of intervention because agencies must rely on logistics, trust and local partners, all of which take years to develop, and because local actors’ commitment to see programmes continued.

Directions for Future Research on Administrative Justice

Administrative justice is central to peoples’ relationship with government. As the current volume illustrates, this field is attracting diverse work using a range of methods across jurisdictions. After considering the breadth of research, from basic or discovery research to applied research, the article focuses on the UK context, where the administrative justice landscape is marked by complexity and fragmentation, to consider key research challenges. While stressing the value of diversity, the article argues for the need to adopt a more proactive and coordinated approach to research that enables greater collaboration and dialogue between independent researchers and government, policymakers, the professions, other users of research, and funders. As well as building research into system design and evaluation, such an approach will help overcome practical obstacles facing researchers and enable priority research needs to be identified and met without being dominated by government’s policy agenda. The article argues that these priority needs include work on: improving the availability of information on how administrative justice systems operate; the use of new technologies including AI; and on how people engage (or fail to engage) with, and are affected by, administrative justice. The article concludes by suggesting questions drawn from the UK experience that may be of relevance across other jurisdictions.

Identifying important skills and competencies needed for new Florida agriculture extension agents

The onboarding needs of Extension agents is a topic continuously discussed and researched, yet overwhelmed agents persist, suggesting that there is a missing link. We undertook a study to determine the competency training needs of newly hired agricultural agents in Florida. Two assessments were performed. First to identify main agriculture skills and competencies for new agriculture Extension. Those competencies where then classified into main domains and interviewees were asked to rank in order of importance in each group. Data were collected via an online survey of the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension agents working under the agriculture program area. Agents needed training in specific agricultural competencies related to every-day work activities such as soil sampling, diagnostic skills, educational resource utilization, and relationship building. Although we assume that, based on job requirements, newly hired agents will enter Extension with such knowledge, results suggest an agriculture specific training is needed to meet the onboarding needs of new agents. Our study identified the priority needs for developing an onboarding program that establishes a level of standard knowledge. Those findings will serve to enhance onboarding training for new Extension professionals.

Developing the Program to Strengthen Working Achievement Motivation Competencies of Welfare School’s Teachers

This research aimed: 1) to investigate the components and indicators of working achievement motivation competencies of welfare school’s teachers; 2) to examine the needs to develop working achievement motivation competencies of welfare school’s teachers; and 3) to develop the program to strengthen working achievement motivation competencies of welfare school’s teachers. The mixed methods research was employed by divided into three phases. Phase one, investigated the components and indicators of the working achievement motivation competencies. Components and indicators were verified by 7 experts. Phase two, examined the needs to develop working achievement motivation competencies of welfare school’s teachers. The respondents were 340 welfare school’s teachers. Phase three, to develop the program to strengthen working achievement motivation competencies of welfare school’s teachers and verified the program by 9 experts. The research instruments were the components and indicators evaluation form, the existing and desirable situations questionnaire of working achievement motivation competencies, and the program evaluation form. Statistics used in analyzing data were mean, standard deviation and priority needs index modification. The research findings were: 1) The components and indicators of working achievement motivation competencies of welfare school’s teachers were categorized into 6 components and 32 indicators; 2) The needs to develop working achievement motivation competencies of welfare school’s teachers were ranked from high to low: creativity, performance commitment, performance evaluation, flexibility, the quest for information, and development of operational competence; and 3) The program to strengthen working achievement motivation competencies of welfare school’s teachers consisted of rationale, objectives, content, model and methods, 6 modules of program structure, and application and evaluation.

Administración pública y el presupuesto participativo en los gobiernos municipales de la Provincia de Santo Domingo-Ecuador

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar si los gobiernos municipales de la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, como parte esencial de la administración pública elaboran el presupuesto anual de manera participativa, como lo determina la Constitución de la República, el Código Orgánico de Organización Territorial, Autonomía y Descentralización, Código Orgánico de planificación y Finanzas Públicas y el código orgánico de Participación Ciudadana. El desarrollo de la metodología se establece a través de un enfoque mixto, con una población de estudio en los cantones de Santo Domingo y La Concordia, se aplicaron 385 encuestas con un cuestionario estructurado y también semiestructurado a hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 69 años, se realizaron entrevistas a líderes de opinión tanto locales como nacionales; la técnica de observación, fue empleada en visitas a las zonas vulnerables, además se realizó una experimentación social. Dentro de los resultados, se evidencian las causas para el deficiente acceso a las necesidades prioritarias y las razones para que los recursos económicos que ingresan a la entidad municipal no son distribuidos de manera adecuada. Existe un marco legal propicio para que los gobiernos locales elaboren su presupuesto de forma participativa, de acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en la encuesta, existe carencia de un modelo de gestión simplificado. The objective of the investigation is to determine whether the municipal governments of the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, as an essential part of the public administration, prepare the annual budget in a participatory manner, as determined by the Constitution of the Republic, the Organic Code of Territorial Organization, Autonomy and Decentralization, Organic Code of Planning and Public Finance and the Organic Code of Citizen Participation. The development of the methodology is established through a mixed approach, with a study population in the cantons of Santo Domingo and La Concordia, 385 surveys were applied with a structured and semi-structured questionnaire to men and women between 18 and 69 years old. interviews were conducted with local and national opinion leaders; The observation technique was used in visits to vulnerable areas, and a social experimentation was also carried out. Among the results, the causes for the deficient access to the priority needs and the reasons for the economic resources that enter the municipal entity are not distributed adequately. There is a favorable legal framework for local governments to prepare their budget in a participatory way, according to the data obtained in the survey, there is a lack of a simplified management model.

Community Empowerment Through Homegrown Medicinal Plants and The "Wedang Uwuh" Herbal Beverage Cultivation in Seketi Hamlet

Rural community empowerment is an effort to develop independence and community welfare through the improvement of knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviour, abilities, awareness, and resource utilization. This is carried out by establishing policies, programs, activities and assisting with the problems related to the priority needs of the community to increase community activities through the cultivation of homegrown medicinal plants. The homegrown medicinal plants (TOGA) are traditional medicinal plants. These medicinal plants are used for making Wedang Uwuh. The ingredients consist of various types of spices namely: ginger, cloves, nutmeg, lemongrass, cardamom, cinnamon, sappanwood, and rosella. The method of implementation used is through the diffusion of knowledge and direct practice. These activities were carried out for the residents of Seketi Hamlet. The results of the activities that have been carried out in Seketi Hamlet are as follows: the community gets insight into TOGA plants; people acquire skills in how to process TOGA into Wedang Uwuh herbal beverage which can help increase endurance (immunomodulators) to protect against Covid-19 pandemic; adding or increasing community activities through the use of house yards as TOGA growing media. Therefore, it is necessary for the Head of Seketi Hamlet to consider doing several things, namely the provision of advanced programs via entrepreneurship training to produce superior products from TOGA yields, and community cooperation in the continuous care of the “Seketi Hamlet Health Garden” for long term benefits.

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGALIHKAN JABATAN FUNGSIONAL KE JABATAN STRUKTURAL

ABSTRACTThis research aims to identify and analyze Regional Government Policies in Transferring Functional Positions to Structural Positions in West Southeast Maluku Regency, which is one of the policies that ignores the needs of the community and is not in accordance with regional conditions and is not based on rational choices that consider elements of priority needs. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data analysis techniques. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach to data analysis techniques using a model using the Miles and Huberman Model, through the procedure of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.Based on the results of the research conducted, it was found that there was a policy of transferring power, there was still a mismatch between the fields of expertise and educational background with the positions they held so that the implementation of their duties became ineffective and efficient.Keywords: Policy and Position Transfer

Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Adat Tengger Mendapatkan Bagi Hasil Pendapatan Wisata Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

The purpose of this research was to find out the contribution of Balai Besar Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TN-BTS) from the utilization of tourism in TN-BTS to the Tengger indigenous people as the original owner of the Bromo-Tengger Semeru area as well as to know the solutions that can be done by the Balai Besar TN-BTS to contribute in improving the welfare of Tengger indigenous people living in the national park. This research is qualitative research with an explanative approach, where the interviewed informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique and analyzed with ethnographic analysis techniques. From the results of the research, it is known that Balai Besar TN-BTS has conducted a program of development and utilization of national parks for tourism object activities as well as community empowerment as a form of direct contribution to the improvement of the welfare of Tengger indigenous peoples. However, both development programs have not been able to answer the priority needs of Tengger indigenous peoples. The limitations of authority and main functions owned by Balai Besar TN-BTS become an obstacle for them to be able to contribute to the improvement of the welfare of Tengger indigenous peoples. As a strategic effort so that Balai Besar TN-BTS can contribute directly to the improvement of the welfare of Tengger indigenous people who live in the village within the National Park zone is to share the revenue of National park tourism activities. However, this strategic effort needs to be accompanied by a change in the status of Balai Besar which was originally the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of the Minister of Environment and Forestry to the Public Service Agency (BLU).

Needs Assessment to Develop Online Counseling Program

Undergraduate students are always faced with diverse mental health problems. Nowadays, they can easily access online counseling services to reduce their problems. This research determines the most desired component to develop the online counseling program which aims 1) to study the needs to develop an online counseling program, 2) to compare the needs to develop this program by categorizing with gender, year, academic program, and grade point average (GPA), and 3) to rank the priority needs for developing this program. Participants were 416 undergraduate students who studied in Mahasarakham University and were selected by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was the needs assessment questionnaire to develop this program. The data were analyzed using percentage (%), mean (M), standard deviation (S.D.), independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and modified priority needs index (PNIModified). The results revealed that: 1) the mean of actual condition was at a high level (M = 3.76, S.D. = 0.59) and the mean of the desired condition was at the highest level (M =4.50, S.D.= 0.56) with the significant difference at 0.05 level in all four domains. 2) Undergraduate students from different academic programs exhibited the marked different means of needs for the online counseling program. The scores on actual conditions among students of Mahasarakham Business School were higher than students from others. 3) Students showed the highest priority needs on characteristics of counselor and online application for counseling (PNIModified = 0.203). They showed that the secondary needs on characteristics of online counselee (PNIModified = 0.192) and therapeutic relationship after online counseling (PNIModified = 0.177).

Chest Trauma Score of Thoracic Trauma Patients in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang January-June 2020

Introduction: Thoracic trauma has mortality rates varying from 10% to 60%. Various scoring frameworks have been created for prognostic value in thoracic trauma patients, including the chest trauma score (CTS). This has not been studied in Indonesian patients. The authors decided to study the picture of CTS in thoracic trauma patients in the Indonesian subpopulation, especially in our hospital. Methods: This research is an analytical observational study at dr. Mohammad Hoesin (RSMH) Palembang in January-June 2020. Our research variables are age, lung contusions, number of rib fractures, bilateral rib fractures, and Chest Trauma Score (CTS). 37 cases could be analyzed with the length of stay, ICU care, mortality, and surgery option. Results: The most common thoracic trauma occurred at the age between less than 45 years, the highest degree of lung contusions was unilateral minor lung contusions. The most common rib fractures were <3 rib fractures. Chest Trauma Score in this study were less than 5. The CTS score had a significant relationship with length of stay and the need of ICU, but was not significantly associated with mortality and surgery option. Conclusion: Chest trauma score can be used to consider the length of treatment and priority needs of the ICU which will be prepared for the management of thoracic trauma patients, especially the young who are accompanied by lung contusions and rib fractures.