Genetic polymorphism of microsatellite loci in MHC class II exon 2 gene and its association with endoparasitic infestation, predominantly Haemonchus contortus in Salem black goat

Immune responses to vaccines are mainly influenced by the nature of vaccines and host variation in response to vaccination. In this study we aimed to investigate turkey humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to a Newcastle viscerotropic vaccine and its association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Turkeys were vaccinated with Villegas–Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) attenuated vaccine against Newcastle disease. The stimulation index of lymphocyte proliferation and antigen-specific local secretory IgA responses in bile, duodenum, ileum, as well as serum IgY and IgA responses were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The turkey MHC class II B locus was selected as candidate gene for detection of associations with cellular and humoral immune responses. Significant differences were observed between both cellular and humoral responses of vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. A significant positive correlation was also found between ND specific IgY and ND specific IgA titres in serum, intestine (duodenum and ileum) and trachea. Moreover, the correlation between specific IgA titres in ileum and specific bile, duodenum and trachea was positively significant. High resolution melting analysis (HRM) was used to genotype MHC class II B exon 2. Eight melting profiles (A-G) were identified, among which, profile G showed a significant association with cellular response. The profile B revealed significant association with total IgA titres in serum and ileum. These findings help our understanding of the association of turkey MHC types with immune responses. Further correlation analysis between serum and mucosal antibody titres demonstrated that the levels of IgY and IgA in serum can give an impression about the levels of secretory IgA and situation of mucosal immunity. Based on the significant effects, ND specific IgY in serum appears to be a promising indirect marker for specific IgA in serum and trachea.

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Hae III locus at Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II region hints duplicated DQA genes in Indian mithun (Bos frontalis)

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.v0i0f.3795 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

S K Niranjan ◽

D. S. Gonge ◽

S. K. Mishra ◽

R. K . Singh ◽

S Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Gene Duplication ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Class Ii ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Exon 2 ◽

Heterozygous Condition ◽

Colony Pcr ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Pcr Rflp

In bovines, duplication of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II DQ genes increase the advantage of high genetic polymorphism in the region multifold to produce better immune response and population fitness. In this study, the DQA gene duplication was explored at MHC class II locus in mithun (Bos frontalis, Bofr), a unique bovine of North-East region of India. A 776 nucleotide long genomic region encompassing hyper-variable exon 2 of Bofr-DQA was amplified in 79 mithuns and digested with Hae III restriction enzyme for PCR-RFLP analysis. The analysis revealed some of the restriction patterns, which were carrying the total fragment size of the alleles aggregating more than a heterozygous condition. Colony PCR-RFLP of clones of mithun DQA by Hinf I enzyme revealed a total of three DQA alleles in single PCR product. The RFLP of direct PCR and clone (colony) PCR products indicated the amplification of three DQA alleles at a time, suggesting duplication of the DQA locus in mithun. Further, the RFLP based typing of mithun DQA locus revealed the presence of five different DQA1 and DQA2 alleles in different combinations during duplication in mithun population. The duplication of DQA, carrying both DQA1 and DQA2 alleles gene was found to be present in nearly half of the mithun population. In mithun, similar to other bovines, DQA gene duplication may have much importance in creating more and diversified MHC class II molecules, thus conferring an advantage to bind with a more number of pathogenic antigens.

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Genetic Variation at Exon 2 of the MHC Class II DQB Locus in Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) from the Gulf of California

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0141296 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e0141296 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Diana D. Moreno-Santillán ◽

Eileen A. Lacey ◽

Diane Gendron ◽

Jorge Ortega

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Gulf Of California ◽

Class Ii ◽

Balaenoptera Musculus ◽

Blue Whale ◽

Exon 2

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MHC class II β exon 2 variation in pardalotes (Pardalotidae) is shaped by selection, recombination and gene conversion

Immunogenetics ◽

10.1007/s00251-016-0953-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 101-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shandiya Balasubramaniam ◽

Raoul A. Mulder ◽

Paul Sunnucks ◽

Alexandra Pavlova ◽

Jane Melville

Keyword(s):

Gene Conversion ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Class Ii ◽

Exon 2

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Genetic variation and balancing selection at MHC class II exon 2 in cultured stocks and wild populations of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Genetics and Molecular Research ◽

10.4238/2012.november.12.4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 3869-3881 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Z.N. Meng ◽

S. Yang ◽

B. Fan ◽

L. Wang ◽

H.R. Lin

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Balancing Selection ◽

Class Ii ◽

Epinephelus Coioides ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Exon 2

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Novel Polymorphism at Exon 2 of Caprine MHC Class II DRB3 Gene in Marwari Goats

Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.5958/2277-940x.2017.00095.x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 623

Author(s):

Om Prakash ◽

Pushpendra Kumar ◽

Kush Shrivastava ◽

S.B. Thirunavukkarasu ◽

Nihar Ranjan Sahoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Class Ii ◽

Exon 2

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Population structure and divergence using microsatellite and gene locus markers in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f06-044 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 1370-1383 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Daniel D Heath ◽

J Mark Shrimpton ◽

Russell I Hepburn ◽

Sara K Jamieson ◽

Sarah K Brode ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Local Adaptation ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Gene Locus ◽

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Class Ii ◽

Population Divergence

Using different classes of genetic markers can provide insight into the role of selection, as well as a broader context for identifying population differentiation. We used nine microsatellite loci and polymorphisms at eight gene loci (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II, growth hormones 1 and 2, transferrin, and immunoglobin heavy-chain) to determine population structure in six coastal populations (Vancouver Island, VI) and five interior populations (Fraser River, FR) of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in British Columbia, Canada. FST and [Formula: see text] values for specific VI gene loci were significantly higher than those for the FR and VI microsatellite loci or the FR gene loci. Pairwise microsatellite FST values were correlated with geographic distance across regions, but not using the gene locus marker data. Neighbor-joining cluster analyses showed one VI population as particularly divergent based on the gene locus data, while the VI and FR microsatellite locus and the FR gene locus analyses yielded no anomalous population divergence. The VI MHC class II marker FST values were exceptionally high, indicative of probable directional selection acting on MHC class II. Our results are consistent with local adaptation in Chinook salmon, but the nature of the local adaptation likely differs among regions.

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