Cannabis Use and Nonfatal Opioid Overdose among Patients Enrolled in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-703
Author(s):  
William C. Bryson ◽  
Benjamin J. Morasco ◽  
Brandi P. Cotton ◽  
Stephen M. Thielke
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Opioid Overdose

scholarly journals The association between health conditions and cannabis use in patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone maintenance treatment

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieta Shams ◽  
Nitika Sanger ◽  
Meha Bhatt ◽  
Tea Rosic ◽  
Candice Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Opioid Use

Background Cannabis is the most commonly used substance among patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid use disorder. Current treatment programmes neither screen nor manage cannabis use. The recent legalisation of cannabis in Canada incites consideration into how this may affect the current opioid crisis. Aims Investigate the health status of cannabis users in MMT. Method Patients were recruited from addiction clinics in Ontario, Canada. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between adverse health conditions and cannabis use. Further analyses were used to assess sex differences and heaviness of cannabis use. Results We included 672 patients (49.9% cannabis users). Cannabis users were more likely to consume alcohol (odds ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.04–2.06, P = 0.029) and have anxiety disorders (odds ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.02–3.02, P = 0.043), but were less likely to use heroin (odds ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.24–0.86, P = 0.016). There was no association between cannabis use and pain (odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.94–1.03, P = 0.463). A significant association was seen between alcohol and cannabis use in women (odds ratio 1.79, 95% CI 1.06–3.02, P = 0.028), and anxiety disorders and cannabis use in men (odds ratio 2.59, 95% CI 1.21–5.53, P = 0.014). Heaviness of cannabis use was not associated with health outcomes. Conclusions Our results suggest that cannabis use is common and associated with psychiatric comorbidities and substance use among patients in MMT, advocating for screening of cannabis use in this population. Declaration of interest None.

Variations in Cannabis Use Level and Correlates in Opiate-Users on Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A French Prospective Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Mayet ◽  
Caroline Lions ◽  
Perrine Roux ◽  
Marion Mora ◽  
Gwenaelle Maradan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Cannabis Use

scholarly journals Impact of Cannabis Use during Stabilization on Methadone Maintenance Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian L. Scavone ◽  
Robert C. Sterling ◽  
Stephen P. Weinstein ◽  
Elisabeth J. Van Bockstaele
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Cannabis Use

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Pattern of Cannabis Use Among Patients Attending a Methadone Treatment Clinic in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wambui Ngarachu ◽  
Sarah Kanana Kiburi ◽  
Frederick R. Owiti ◽  
Rachel Kangethe
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
University Education ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Treatment Clinic

Abstract Background: Cannabis use during methadone treatment may negatively impact treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of cannabis use among patients attending a methadone treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 874 patients on methadone therapy at a methadone maintenance treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya from December 2014 to November 2018. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and drug use patterns based on urine drug screens was collected from patient files. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 23.0. Results: Prevalence of cannabis use was 85.8% (95% CI, 83.3 – 88.0) at baseline and 62.7% (95% CI, 59.5 – 65.8) during follow up. A pattern of polysubstance use was observed where opioids, cannabis and benzodiazepines were the most commonly used drugs. The mean age of the patients was 35.3 (SD 9.0) years with majority being male, unemployed (76%), had primary level of education (51.4%) and divorced or separated (48.5%). Cannabis use was associated with dropping out of treatment (p=0.001) and university education was associated with reduced risk for cannabis use OR=0.1 (95% CI, 0.02-0.8, p=0.031). Conclusion: Cannabis use is prevalent among patients attending a methadone treatment clinic in Kenya and is associated with dropping out of treatment. There is a need for targeted interventions to address the problem of cannabis use during methadone maintenance treatment in Nairobi, Kenya.

scholarly journals Cannabis use during methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

CMAJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. E665-E673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather McBrien ◽  
Candice Luo ◽  
Nitika Sanger ◽  
Laura Zielinski ◽  
Meha Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Opioid Use

scholarly journals Exploring the Association between Cannabis Use and Testosterone Levels in Men Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Darren Chai ◽  
Tea Rosic ◽  
Monica Bawor ◽  
Zainab Samaan
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Urine Drug

Cannabis and opioids are substances that affect reproductive health. Opioids suppress testosterone and studies have shown that cannabis may increase testosterone. However, there is minimal research describing the endocrine effects of concurrent cannabis and opioid use. We hypothesize that cannabis use improves opioid-induced testosterone suppression. To test this hypothesis, we used cross-sectional data from a prospective cohort study including 122 men enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We measured serum testosterone with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at study enrolment. Urine drug screens were collected for 15 months and identified 52.5% of participants (n = 64) as cannabis users. The association between cannabis use and testosterone level was examined using regression models with serum testosterone as the dependent variable. In our multivariable regression, methadone dose was associated with lower serum testosterone (β = −0.003, 95% CI-0.005, −0.001, p = 0.003). However, neither cannabis use as a dichotomous variable nor the percentage of cannabis-positive urine drug screens were significantly associated with serum testosterone (β = 0.143, 95% CI −0.110, 0.396, p = 0.266, and β = 0.002, 95% CI > −0.001, 0.005, p = 0.116, respectively). Therefore, it does not appear that cannabis has an association with testosterone levels in men on MMT.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use Among Patients Attending A Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic In Nairobi, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wambui Ngarachu ◽  
Sarah Kanana Kiburi ◽  
Frederick R. Owiti ◽  
Rachel N. Kangethe
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Treatment Clinic

Abstract Background: Cannabis use is common among patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone treatment. Research has shown that cannabis use during methadone treatment may impact negatively on treatment outcome. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of cannabis use and the associated socio-demographic characteristics among patients on methadone treatment. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 984 patients on methadone therapy at a methadone maintenance treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and drug use patterns based urine drug screens was collected from patients’ files. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 23.0. Results: Prevalence of cannabis use was 84.8% at baseline and 62.8% during follow up. Polysubstance use pattern was observed with heroin, cannabis and benzodiazepines being the commonest drugs. Majority of cannabis users were male (88.1%), aged 28-37 years (42.2%), unemployed (74.3%), had low level of education (87.7%) and single (72.4%). Cannabis use was associated with loss to follow up (p<0.001). Females were more likely to drop out of treatment and less likely to stop using cannabis during follow up compared to males. Sociodemographic factors associated with reduced risk for cannabis use were; being in older age group 48-57 years (OR 0.51, 95%CI, 0.30-0.87, p=0.013) and university education (OR 0.15, 95%CI, 0.05-0.69, p=0.005) while being in age group 18-27 years and being married were associated with increased risk for cannabis use (OR 2.62,95%CI, 1.78-3.86,p=0.001 and OR 1.50, 95%CI, 1.7-2.10,p=0.021 respectively). Conclusion: There is a prevalence of cannabis use among patients in receiving methadone treatment in Kenya is similar. In addition, cannabis use was associated with loss to follow up and sociodemographic characteristics. Cannabis use screening and targeted interventions for management should be incorporated in methadone treatment programs to improve outcomes for patients on methadone. Key words : cannabis, opioid use disorder, methadone maintenance treatment, Kenya

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