scholarly journals Cannabis Use Among Patients Attending A Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic In Nairobi, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wambui Ngarachu ◽  
Sarah Kanana Kiburi ◽  
Frederick R. Owiti ◽  
Rachel N. Kangethe
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Treatment Clinic

Abstract Background: Cannabis use is common among patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone treatment. Research has shown that cannabis use during methadone treatment may impact negatively on treatment outcome. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of cannabis use and the associated socio-demographic characteristics among patients on methadone treatment. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 984 patients on methadone therapy at a methadone maintenance treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and drug use patterns based urine drug screens was collected from patients’ files. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 23.0. Results: Prevalence of cannabis use was 84.8% at baseline and 62.8% during follow up. Polysubstance use pattern was observed with heroin, cannabis and benzodiazepines being the commonest drugs. Majority of cannabis users were male (88.1%), aged 28-37 years (42.2%), unemployed (74.3%), had low level of education (87.7%) and single (72.4%). Cannabis use was associated with loss to follow up (p<0.001). Females were more likely to drop out of treatment and less likely to stop using cannabis during follow up compared to males. Sociodemographic factors associated with reduced risk for cannabis use were; being in older age group 48-57 years (OR 0.51, 95%CI, 0.30-0.87, p=0.013) and university education (OR 0.15, 95%CI, 0.05-0.69, p=0.005) while being in age group 18-27 years and being married were associated with increased risk for cannabis use (OR 2.62,95%CI, 1.78-3.86,p=0.001 and OR 1.50, 95%CI, 1.7-2.10,p=0.021 respectively). Conclusion: There is a prevalence of cannabis use among patients in receiving methadone treatment in Kenya is similar. In addition, cannabis use was associated with loss to follow up and sociodemographic characteristics. Cannabis use screening and targeted interventions for management should be incorporated in methadone treatment programs to improve outcomes for patients on methadone. Key words : cannabis, opioid use disorder, methadone maintenance treatment, Kenya

scholarly journals The association between health conditions and cannabis use in patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone maintenance treatment

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieta Shams ◽  
Nitika Sanger ◽  
Meha Bhatt ◽  
Tea Rosic ◽  
Candice Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Opioid Use

Background Cannabis is the most commonly used substance among patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid use disorder. Current treatment programmes neither screen nor manage cannabis use. The recent legalisation of cannabis in Canada incites consideration into how this may affect the current opioid crisis. Aims Investigate the health status of cannabis users in MMT. Method Patients were recruited from addiction clinics in Ontario, Canada. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between adverse health conditions and cannabis use. Further analyses were used to assess sex differences and heaviness of cannabis use. Results We included 672 patients (49.9% cannabis users). Cannabis users were more likely to consume alcohol (odds ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.04–2.06, P = 0.029) and have anxiety disorders (odds ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.02–3.02, P = 0.043), but were less likely to use heroin (odds ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.24–0.86, P = 0.016). There was no association between cannabis use and pain (odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.94–1.03, P = 0.463). A significant association was seen between alcohol and cannabis use in women (odds ratio 1.79, 95% CI 1.06–3.02, P = 0.028), and anxiety disorders and cannabis use in men (odds ratio 2.59, 95% CI 1.21–5.53, P = 0.014). Heaviness of cannabis use was not associated with health outcomes. Conclusions Our results suggest that cannabis use is common and associated with psychiatric comorbidities and substance use among patients in MMT, advocating for screening of cannabis use in this population. Declaration of interest None.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Pattern of Cannabis Use Among Patients Attending a Methadone Treatment Clinic in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wambui Ngarachu ◽  
Sarah Kanana Kiburi ◽  
Frederick R. Owiti ◽  
Rachel Kangethe
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
University Education ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Treatment Clinic

Abstract Background: Cannabis use during methadone treatment may negatively impact treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of cannabis use among patients attending a methadone treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 874 patients on methadone therapy at a methadone maintenance treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya from December 2014 to November 2018. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and drug use patterns based on urine drug screens was collected from patient files. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 23.0. Results: Prevalence of cannabis use was 85.8% (95% CI, 83.3 – 88.0) at baseline and 62.7% (95% CI, 59.5 – 65.8) during follow up. A pattern of polysubstance use was observed where opioids, cannabis and benzodiazepines were the most commonly used drugs. The mean age of the patients was 35.3 (SD 9.0) years with majority being male, unemployed (76%), had primary level of education (51.4%) and divorced or separated (48.5%). Cannabis use was associated with dropping out of treatment (p=0.001) and university education was associated with reduced risk for cannabis use OR=0.1 (95% CI, 0.02-0.8, p=0.031). Conclusion: Cannabis use is prevalent among patients attending a methadone treatment clinic in Kenya and is associated with dropping out of treatment. There is a need for targeted interventions to address the problem of cannabis use during methadone maintenance treatment in Nairobi, Kenya.

scholarly journals Cannabis use during methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

CMAJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. E665-E673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather McBrien ◽  
Candice Luo ◽  
Nitika Sanger ◽  
Laura Zielinski ◽  
Meha Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Opioid Use

scholarly journals Association Between Socio-Demographic and Health Functioning Variables Among Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Introduced by Prescription: A Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (21;1) ◽  
pp. E623-E642
Author(s):  
Dr. Zainab Samaan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use

Background: Prescription opioid misuse in Canada has become a serious public health concern and has contributed to Canada’s opioid crisis. There are thousands of Canadians who are currently receiving treatment for opioid use disorder, which is a chronic relapsing disorder with enormous impact on individuals and society. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and demographic differences between cohorts of patients who were introduced to opioids through a prescription and those introduced to opioids for non-medical purposes. Study Design: This was an observational, prospective cohort study. Setting: The study took place in 19 Canadian Addiction Treatment Centres across Ontario. Methods: We included a total of 976 participants who were diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder and currently receiving methadone maintenance treatment. We excluded participants who were on any other type of prescription opioid or who were missing their 6-month follow-up urine screens. We measured the participants’ initial source of introduction to opioids along with other variables using the Maudsley Addiction Profile. We also measured illicit opioid use using urine screens at baseline and at 6-months follow-up. Results: Almost half the sample (n = 469) were initiated to opioids via prescription. Women were more likely to be initiated to opioids via a prescription (OR = 1.385, 95% CI 1.027-1.866, P = .033). Those initiated via prescription were also more likely to have post-secondary education, older age of onset of opioid use, less likely to have hepatitis C and less likely to have use cannabis. Chronic pain was significantly associated with initiation to opioids through prescription (OR = 2.720, 95% CI 1.998-3.722, P < .0001). Analyses by gender revealed that men initiated by prescription were less likely to have liver disease and less likely to use cannabis, while women initiated by prescription had a higher methadone dose. Limitations: This project was limited by its study design being observational in nature; no causal relationships can be inferred. Also, the data did not allow determination of the role that the prescribed opioids played in developing opioid use disorder. Conclusions: Our results have revealed that almost half of this methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) population has been introduced to opioids through a prescription. Given that the increasing prescribing rates of opioids has an impact on this at-risk population, alternative treatments for pain should be considered to help decrease this opioid epidemic in Canada. Key words: Opioid use disorder, chronic pain relief, methadone maintenance treatment, prescriptions, male, female

scholarly journals Correlation of cytokines, BDNF levels, and memory function in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone maintenance treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yun Wang ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee ◽  
Yun-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Shiou-Lan Chen ◽  
Po See Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use

Correlates of methamphetamine use severity among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 108461
Author(s):  
Le Minh Giang ◽  
Michael J. Li ◽  
Chukwuemeka N. Okafor ◽  
Nguyen Bich Diep ◽  
Steven J. Shoptaw
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Methamphetamine Use

scholarly journals Adjuvant laser meridian massage in men with opioid use disorder on methadone maintenance treatment

Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (39) ◽  
pp. e17319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Long Hu ◽  
Meng-Chang Tsai ◽  
Chun-En Kuo ◽  
Chun-Ting Liu ◽  
Szu-Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use
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