Changes to family structure, household composition and address among young New Zealanders: an update

This cross-sectional study intended to assess the use of prenatal care according to the family structure in a population with free universal access to prenatal care. In 2005-2006, the Portuguese birth cohort was assembled by the recruitment of puerperae at public maternity wards in Porto, Portugal. In the current analysis, 7,211 were included. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and prenatal care were self-reported. Single mothers were considered as those whose household composition did not include a partner at delivery. Approximately 6% of the puerperae were single mothers. These women were more likely to have an unplanned pregnancy (OR = 6.30; 95%CI: 4.94-8.04), an inadequate prenatal care (OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.32-4.02), and to miss the ultrasound and the intake of folic acid supplements during the first trimester of pregnancy (OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.30-2.27; and OR = 1.67; 95%CI: 1.32-2.13, respectively). The adequacy and use of prenatal care was less frequent in single mothers. Educational interventions should reinforce the use and early initiation of prenatal care.

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CHANGING RACE DIFFERENCES IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION IN SOUTH AFRICA

South African Review of Sociology ◽

10.1080/21528586.2015.1109476 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 59-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Acheampong Yaw Amoateng ◽

Tim B. Heaton

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Family Structure ◽

Race Differences ◽

Household Composition

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Fine-scale family structure shapes influenza transmission risk in households: insights from a study of primary school students in Matsumoto city, 2014/15

10.1101/527507 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akira Endo ◽

Mitsuo Uchida ◽

Adam J. Kucharski ◽

Sebastian Funk

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Family Structure ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Household Composition ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Secondary Effects ◽

School Students ◽

Household Transmission ◽

Contact Patterns ◽

Mother And Child

AbstractBackgroundHouseholds are important settings for the transmission of seasonal influenza. Previous studies found that the per-person risk of within-household transmission decreases with household size. However, more detailed heterogeneities driven by household composition and contact patterns have not been studied.MethodsWe employed a mathematical model which accounts for infections both from outside and within the household. The model was applied to citywide primary school surveillance data of seasonal influenza in 2014/15 season in Matsumoto city, Japan. We compared a range of models to estimate the structure of household transmission.ResultsFamilial relationship and household composition strongly influenced the transmission patterns of seasonal influenza in households. Children had substantially high risk of infection from outside the household (up to 20%) compared with adults (1-3%). Intense transmission was observed within-generation (between children/parents/grandparents) and also between mother and child, with transmission risks typically ranging around 5-20% depending on the pair and household composition.ConclusionsWe characterised heterogeneity in household transmission patterns of influenza. Children were identified as the largest source of secondary transmission, with family structure influencing infection risk. This suggests that vaccinating children would have stronger secondary effects on transmission than would be assumed without taking into account transmission patterns within the household.

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