Restoring natural characteristics in managed Norway spruce [Picea abies(L.) Karst.] stands with partial cutting, dead wood creation and fire: immediate treatment effects

SynopsisLittle is known about ozone (O3) effects on adult trees in the field, where ecophysiological parameters control pollutant uptake. It was the goal of this study to examine how ambient and above ambient O3 concentrations affect gas exchange of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Therefore, twigs were enclosed in chambers and exposed to different O3 concentrations for one and two seasons over three years. During winter periods twigs were maintained under ambient conditions. Data from the shade crown of spruce trees at 1000 m a.s.l. are presented. After one and two fumigation periods no clear treatment effects on gas exchange were observed in twigs fumigated with O3 concentrations ranging from zero up to ambient (A) + 60 ppb. However, O3 at 90 ppb reduced photosynthesis and conductance. CO2 response curves indicated that in A + 90 twigs the efficiency of CO2 uptake was diminished. Observed losses in Pn of A + 90 twigs were greater than reductions in conductance indicating that stomatal closure alone did not limit CO2 uptake. We conclude that ambient and slightly above ambient O3 concentrations do not alter gas exchange of mature Norway spruce. Therefore, suppositions on O3 damage on mature spruce trees should be critically questioned.

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Stand-replacing disturbance does not directly alter the succession of Norway spruce regeneration on dead wood

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/43/2014-jfs ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 417-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Červenka ◽

R. Bače ◽

M. Svoboda

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Forest Succession ◽

Undisturbed Site ◽

The Bohemian Forest ◽

Decaying Wood ◽

Disturbed Site ◽

Severe Disturbance

Density of regeneration in European subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests is typically low with regeneration primarily located on dead or decaying wood. The post-disturbance development of this regeneration is crucial for natural forest succession. The aim was to identify the influence of disturbance on regeneration on decaying logs immediately after a severe disturbance event. Study plots were established in two subalpine spruce forests: the first, an undisturbed site located in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. and the second site in the &Scaron;umava Mts. that has experienced recent severe disturbance. Regeneration density increased between 2008 and 2011 by 7% (0.29 individuals per square meter of log) at the undisturbed site and by 33% (3.24 individuals per square meter of log) at the disturbed site. The increased regeneration density observed at the disturbed site was mostly associated with the smallest saplings. The highest increase in regeneration density was observed on logs with the largest diameters. Three years after severe disturbance caused 100% mortality of the parent stand in the Bohemian Forest, no significant effect was recorded on the growth rate and survival of established spruce saplings on dead wood.  

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Influence of Timing and Rate of Glyphosate Applications on Conifer Growth

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-5.3.97 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 97-101

Author(s):

J.C. Neal ◽

W.A. Skroch

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Plant Height ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Tsuga Canadensis ◽

Abies Fraseri ◽

Fraser Fir

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was applied at four rates, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5 and 3.0 kg ai/ha (0.36, 0.71, 1.34 and 2.7 lb ai/A) each at four dates, May 26, July 14, September 10, and October 27, 1982, over Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and Canadian hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere). Plants were treated in 1982 and evaluated in 1983 and 1984. Plant height best described the treatment effects for hemlock and fir. Plant height plus budset on the terminal best described treatment effects for spruce. Fir and spruce were tolerant to September and October applications of glyphosate, however, May and July treatments resulted in significant phytotoxicity. Hernlock plants were injured by May, July and September glyphosate treatments, but not bv similar applications in October. Injury to all species persisted into the 1984 season from single applications in 1982.

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Ways to use silver birch Betula pendula Roth regeneration in sites considered for stand conversion due to decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.1515/frp-2017-0025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 226-237

Author(s):

Sławomir Ambroży ◽

Tadeusz Zachara ◽

Mariusz Kapsa ◽

Elżbieta Chomicz-Zegar ◽

Ruslan Vytseha

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Tree Species ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Open Space ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Partial Cutting ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Clear Cutting

Abstract One of the tree species appearing after a decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains is Silver Birch Betula pendula Roth. Therefore our study was aimed at evaluating this birch regeneration and the dynamics of changes resulting from experimental cutting. Measurements and inventories of trees were conducted on research plots located in a ten-year old birch regeneration site with either no cutting, partial cutting (50%) or clear cutting (100%) of birch. We observed an introduction of biocenotic species (rowan, willow, aspen) as well as the target species (spruce, fir, beech) under the birch canopy. Fir and beech were also planted, because of their slow natural regeneration. The clear cut treatment caused a great number of sprouts growing from birch stumps, reaching a height of about 2 m over 3 years, resulting in competition with the regeneration of other species. Partial cutting did not cause such a drastic amount of sprouting. Furthermore, we found that only the spruce height increment is significantly less under a birch canopy compared to open space. The obtained results indicate a necessity to adjust the density and species composition of regenerating tree species under a birch canopy, avoiding complete removal of the first generation birch cover and the need to moderately thin out birch.

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