Unraveling the cerebellar cortex: cytology and cellular physiology of large-sized interneurons in the granular layer

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Geurts ◽  
Erik De Schutter ◽  
Stéphane Dieudonné
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Cellular Physiology

scholarly journals Quantification of volumetric morphometry and optical property in the cortex of human cerebellum at micrometer resolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao J. Liu ◽  
William Ammon ◽  
Viviana Siless ◽  
Morgan Fogarty ◽  
Ruopeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Property ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Human Cerebellar Cortex

AbstractThe surface of the human cerebellar cortex is much more tightly folded than the cerebral cortex. Volumetric analysis of cerebellar morphometry in magnetic resonance imaging studies suffers from insufficient resolution, and therefore has had limited impact on disease assessment. Automatic serial polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (as-PSOCT) is an emerging technique that offers the advantages of microscopic resolution and volumetric reconstruction of large-scale samples. In this study, we reconstructed multiple cubic centimeters of ex vivo human cerebellum tissue using as-PSOCT. The morphometric and optical properties of the cerebellar cortex across five subjects were quantified. While the molecular and granular layers exhibited similar mean thickness in the five subjects, the thickness varied greatly between the crown of the folium and the depth of the fissure in the granular layer within subjects. Layer-specific optical property remained homogenous within individual subjects but showed higher cross-subject variability than layer thickness. High-resolution volumetric morphometry and optical property maps of human cerebellar cortex revealed by as-PSOCT have great potential to advance our understanding of cerebellar function and diseases.HighlightsWe reconstructed cubic centimeters of human cerebellar samples at micrometer resolution in five subjects.Thickness of the granular layer varies greatly between the crowns and depths of cerebellar fissures.Cross-subject variability is higher in optical property than cortical morphology.Our results suggest homogenous cell and myelin density in the cortical layers of human cerebellum despite the highly convoluted folding patterns.

scholarly journals β-HEXOSAMINIDASES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: THE QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF β-GLUCOSAMINIDASE AND β-GALACTOSAMINIDASE IN THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX AND SUBJACENT WHITE MATTER

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELI R. SHUTER ◽  
ELI ROBINS ◽  
MARY LOU FREEMAN ◽  
FIROZE B. JUNGALWALA
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Quantitative Histochemistry ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Single Enzyme ◽  
Lysomal Enzymes

A modification of an existing fluorimetric method for the assay of β-glucosaminidase and β-galactosaminidase, based upon the hydrolysis of the corresponding 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosaminides, is described. The method is simple and convenient; its sensitivity is 3 x 10–8 M for the assay of β-glucosaminidase and 1 x 10–8 M for β-galactosaminidase. The results obtained on brain homogenates and dissected sections of cerebellar cortex and subjacent white matter of rat, rabbit and monkey were found to be similar to those obtained with the standard colorimetric procedures using p-nitrophenyl substrates. In each species, in each layer of cerebellar cortex and subjacent white matter, there were only minimal differences in the ratios of β-glucosaminidase to β-galactosaminidase activity, suggesting that a single enzyme possesses both activities. β-Glucosaminidase and β-galactosaminidase in the cerebellum were most active in the cellular granular layer, suggesting an association of β-hexosaminidase activity with neuronal cell bodies as has been found with other lysomal enzymes.

Influence of experimentally induced agranularity on the synaptogenesis of serotonin nerve terminals in rat cerebellar cortex

1979 ◽  
Vol 206 (1162) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
External Granular Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synaptic Contacts ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Synaptic Remodelling

The serotonin (5-HT) innervation of the posterior vermis was studied by high resolution radioautography in both normal and X-ray-induced agranular rat cerebella, following 3 h topical superfusion with 10 -4 M 3 H-5-HT. In the normal cerebellar cortex, 5-HT axonal varicosities are scarce and only rarely exhibit the membrane differentiations character­izing synaptic contacts. In the agranular cerebellum, 5-HT terminals ap­pear to have a much higher density than in normal controls, although their absolute number may not be significantly different when the import­ant reduction in volume of this experimental cerebellum is taken into account. These terminals frequently show typical synaptic contacts. Most of them are established on the branchlet spines of Purkinje cell dendrites, but some are also observed on the shafts of Golgi cell dendrites. The 5-HT innervation of the cerebellar cortex thus undergoes important changes in the absence of granule cells. It is suggested that these modifications may be part of the general reorganization process of the cerebellar circuitry consequent on the early destruction of the external granular layer. This new example of synaptic remodelling could imply that the formation of cerebellar connectivity is modulated, to a certain extent, by the local cellular environment.

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