The conditions under which
direct lattice sums of electric potential, field, and field gradient converge
are discussed. The analogous conditions under which differences in these
lattice sums, for two points in the crystal, converge are also outlined. These
conditions are applied to direct lattice sum calculations in crystals in which
the ideal lattice is distorted close to a defect of some kind. The conver- gence conditions are then
applied to the case of determining the direct lattice sums in crystals in which
higher symmetry properties can be invoked, which leads to a knowledge by
inspection of the lattice sum at one point in the unit cell.