Racial/ethnic differences in associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status, distress, and smoking among U.S. adults

The misuse of prescription painkillers is a major contributor to the ongoing drug overdose epidemic. This study investigated variability in non-medical use of prescription painkillers (NMUPP) by race and early-life socioeconomic status (SES) in a sample now at increased risk for opioid overdose. Data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,602) were used to calculate prevalence of reported NMUPP by Wave 4 (2008; mean age 28), and to assess variation by race and by equivalized household family income at Wave 1 (1994/5). Predicted values for prevalence of NMUPP were modelled, adjusting for age, sex, parental education, and region. Race and SES in adolescence were associated with later reported NMUPP. A gradient was seen in prevalence by SES (adjusted: family income quartile 1 = 13.3%; quartile 2 = 13.8%; quartile 3 = 14.8%; quartile 4 = 16.0%; trend p-value = 0.007). Prevalence was higher among males. Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence were seen (non-Hispanic white (NHW) = 18.5%; non-Hispanic black (NHB) = 5.8%; Hispanic = 10.5%; Other = 10.0%). SES differences were less pronounced upon stratification, with trend tests significant only among females (p = 0.004), and marginally significant among Hispanic males (p = 0.06). Early-life SES was associated with reported lifetime NMUPP: the higher the family income in adolescence, the greater the likelihood of NMUPP by young adulthood. Variations in NMUPP by income paled in comparison with racial/ethnic differences. Results point to a possible long-enduring association between SES and NMUPP, and a need to examine underlying mechanisms.

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Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health during Childhood: A Longitudinal Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Parental Socioeconomic Timing and Child Obesity Risk

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15040728 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 728 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Antwan Jones

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Child Obesity ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Longitudinal Examination ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Socioeconomic Status And Health

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Racial-Ethnic Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life among Adults and Children with Glomerular Disease

Glomerular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000516832 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jill R. Krissberg ◽

Margaret E. Helmuth ◽

Salem Almaani ◽

Yi Cai ◽

Daniel Cattran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Glomerular Disease ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic

Introduction: Disparities in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have been inadequately studied in patients with glomerular disease. The aim of this study was to identify relationships among race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disease severity, and HRQOL in an ethnically and racially diverse cohort of patients with glomerular disease. Methods: Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN) is a multinational cohort study of patients with biopsy-proven glomerular disease. Associations between race/ethnicity and HRQOL were determined by the following: (1) missed school or work due to kidney disease and (2) responses to Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires. We adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, and disease characteristics using multivariable logistic and linear regression. Results: Black and Hispanic participants had worse socioeconomic status and more severe glomerular disease than white or Asian participants. Black adults missed work or school most frequently due to kidney disease (30 vs. 16–23% in the other 3 groups, p = 0.04), and had the worst self-reported global physical health (median score 44.1 vs. 48.0–48.2, p < 0.001) and fatigue (53.8 vs. 48.5–51.1, p = 0.002), compared to other racial/ethnic groups. However, these findings were not statistically significant with adjustment for socioeconomic status and disease severity, both of which were strongly associated with HRQOL in adults. Among children, disease severity but not race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status was associated with HRQOL. Conclusions: Among patients with glomerular disease enrolled in CureGN, the worse HRQOL reported by black adults was attributable to lower socioeconomic status and more severe glomerular disease. No racial/ethnic differences in HRQOL were observed in children.

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Racial/ethnic differences in 12-month prevalence and persistence of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders: Variation by nativity and socioeconomic status

Comprehensive Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.12.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 52-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Corrie L. Vilsaint ◽

Amanda NeMoyer ◽

Mirko Fillbrunn ◽

Ekaterina Sadikova ◽

Ronald C. Kessler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Endometrial Cancer: Socioeconomic Status and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Stage at Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survival

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.94.12.2104 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 2104-2111 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Terri Madison ◽

David Schottenfeld ◽

Sherman A. James ◽

Ann G. Schwartz ◽

Stephen B. Gruber

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Stage At Diagnosis ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Survival: The Contribution of Tumor, Sociodemographic, Institutional, and Neighborhood Characteristics

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.74.2049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Libby Ellis ◽

Alison J. Canchola ◽

David Spiegel ◽

Uri Ladabaum ◽

Robert Haile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Marital Status ◽

Asian American ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Stage At Diagnosis ◽

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

Racial Ethnic

Purpose Racial/ethnic disparities in cancer survival in the United States are well documented, but the underlying causes are not well understood. We quantified the contribution of tumor, treatment, hospital, sociodemographic, and neighborhood factors to racial/ethnic survival disparities in California. Materials and Methods California Cancer Registry data were used to estimate population-based cancer-specific survival for patients diagnosed with breast, prostate, colorectal, or lung cancer between 2000 and 2013 for each racial/ethnic group (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian American and Pacific Islander, and separately each for Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino) compared with non-Hispanic whites. The percentage contribution of factors to overall racial/ethnic survival disparities was estimated from a sequence of multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results In baseline models, black patients had the lowest survival for all cancer sites, and Asian American and Pacific Islander patients had the highest, compared with whites. Mediation analyses suggested that stage at diagnosis had the greatest influence on overall racial/ethnic survival disparities accounting for 24% of disparities in breast cancer, 24% in prostate cancer, and 16% to 30% in colorectal cancer. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was an important factor in all cancers, but only for black and Hispanic patients. The influence of marital status on racial/ethnic disparities was stronger in men than in women. Adjustment for all covariables explained approximately half of the overall survival disparities in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer, but it explained only 15% to 40% of disparities in lung cancer. Conclusion Overall reductions in racial/ethnic survival disparities were driven largely by reductions for black compared with white patients. Stage at diagnosis had the largest effect on racial/ethnic survival disparities, but earlier detection would not entirely eliminate them. The influences of neighborhood socioeconomic status and marital status suggest that social determinants, support mechanisms, and access to health care are important contributing factors.

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