Short article: No evidence for a cue mismatch in negative priming

An experiment is reported in which the cue mismatch hypothesis of negative priming, an important novel variant of the mismatching hypothesis, was tested. A cue mismatch and a no mismatch condition were contrasted in a visual discrimination task. In the prime display of cue mismatch ignored-repetition trials, the colour of the prime distractor was different from the colour of the cue indicating the selection feature (coloured square). In probe displays, cue and repeated stimulus had the same colour. In the no mismatch condition, the visual cue was neutral in terms of colour (always black), so that there was always no cue mismatch between prime and probe displays. Contrary to the prediction of the cue mismatch hypothesis, the negative priming effect was not larger in the cue mismatch than in the no mismatch condition. The cue mismatch hypothesis must therefore be rejected. In contrast, the episodic retrieval account is consistent with the results.

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The Level of Reaction Time Determines the ERP Correlates of Auditory Negative Priming

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803.20.3.186 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 186-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Susanne Mayr ◽

Michael Niedeggen ◽

Axel Buchner ◽

Guido Orgs

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Negative Priming ◽

Effect Size ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Negative Priming Effect ◽

Episodic Retrieval ◽

Time Level ◽

Fast Reactions ◽

Priming Condition

Responding to a stimulus that had to be ignored previously is usually slowed-down (negative priming effect). This study investigates the reaction time and ERP effects of the negative priming phenomenon in the auditory domain. Thirty participants had to categorize sounds as musical instruments or animal voices. Reaction times were slowed-down in the negative priming condition relative to two control conditions. This effect was stronger for slow reactions (above intraindividual median) than for fast reactions (below intraindividual median). ERP analysis revealed a parietally located negativity of the negative priming condition compared to the control conditions between 550-730 ms poststimulus. This replicates the findings of Mayr, Niedeggen, Buchner, and Pietrowsky (2003) . The ERP correlate was more pronounced for slow trials (above intraindividual median) than for fast trials (below intraindividual median). The dependency of the negative priming effect size on the reaction time level found in the reaction time analysis as well as in the ERP analysis is consistent with both the inhibition as well as the episodic retrieval account of negative priming. A methodological artifact explanation of this effect-size dependency is discussed and discarded.

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Identity-Based Crossmodal Negative Priming: Aftereffects of Ignoring in One Sensory Modality on Responding to Another Sensory Modality

Multisensory Research ◽

10.1163/22134808-20201471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 703-721

Author(s):

Ann-Katrin Wesslein ◽

Christian Frings

Keyword(s):

Negative Priming ◽

Sensory Modality ◽

Probe Display ◽

Distractor Stimulus ◽

Probe Sequence ◽

Probe Target ◽

Prime Display ◽

Identity Based ◽

Display Control ◽

Prime Distractor

Abstract Negative Priming (NP) refers to the phenomenon that responses towards previously ignored stimuli, as compared to new stimuli, are impaired. That is, NP is reflected in the performance on the probe display of a prime–probe sequence. NP is established in vision, audition and touch. In the current study, we presented participants with auditory, visual, and tactile manifestations of the same temporal patterns in order to measure NP across the senses. On each trial, the sensory modality shifted from the prime to the probe. Each prime and probe display consisted of a target and a distractor stimulus, presented to the same sensory modality. On some trials, the prime distractor repeated as probe target (ignored-repetition trials), on other trials the probe stimuli had not been involved in the prime display (control trials). We observed NP between audition and touch (Experiment 1) and between vision and audition (Experiment 2). These findings indicate that the processes underpinning NP can operate at an amodal, postperceptual level.

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The Negative Priming Effect: Inhibitory Priming by Ignored Objects

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A ◽

10.1080/14640748508400920 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 571-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 904

Author(s):

Steven P. Tipper

Keyword(s):

Negative Priming ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Internal Representation ◽

Negative Priming Effect ◽

Probe Display ◽

Stimulus Interval ◽

Prime Display ◽

Priming Paradigm ◽

Naming Latencies ◽

Selection Of

A priming paradigm was employed to investigate the processing of an ignored object during selection of an attended object. Two issues were investigated: the level of internal representation achieved for the ignored object, and the subsequent fate of this representation. In Experiment 1 a prime display containing two superimposed objects was briefly presented. One second later a probe display was presented containing an object to be named. If the ignored object in the prime display was the same as the subsequent probe, naming latencies were impaired. This effect is termed negative priming. It suggests that internal representations of the ignored object may become associated with inhibition during selection. Thus, selection of a subsequent probe object requiring these inhibited representations is delayed. Experiment 2 replicated the negative priming effect with a shorter inter-stimulus interval. Experiment 3 examined the priming effects of both the ignored and the selected objects. The effect of both identity repetition and a categorical relationship between prime and probe stimuli were investigated. The data showed that for a stimulus selected from the prime display, naming of the same object in the probe display was facilitated. When the same stimulus was ignored in the prime display, however, naming of it in the probe display was again impaired (negative priming). That negative priming was also demonstrated with categorically related objects suggests that ignored objects achieve categorical levels of representation, and that the inhibition may be at this level.

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Negative Priming as a Memory Phenomenon

Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1027/0044-3409.215.1.35 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 215 (1) ◽

pp. 35-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Susanne Mayr ◽

Axel Buchner

Keyword(s):

Negative Priming ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Negative Priming Effect ◽

Recent Theory ◽

Episodic Retrieval ◽

Retrieval Models ◽

Stimulus Modality ◽

Distractor Inhibition ◽

Thought Disorders ◽

Prime Selection

Abstract. Reactions to recently ignored stimuli are slowed down or more error prone when compared to reactions to control stimuli. This so-called negative priming effect has been traditionally investigated in the area of selective attention. More recent theory developments conceptualize the negative priming effect as a memory phenomenon. This review presents four models to explain the phenomenon as well as their essential empirical evidence. The review also considers several negative priming characteristics - that is stimulus modality, prime selection and prime response requirement, probe interference, stimulus repetition, aging and thought disorders, and physiological correlates. On these bases, it is concluded that only the distractor inhibition and the episodic retrieval models have survived empirical testing so far. Whereas evidence has increased that negative priming clearly obeys memory retrieval principles, the distractor inhibition model has lost much of its persuasiveness within recent years.

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The Time-Course of Masked Negative Priming

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169.56.5.301 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 301-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Christian Frings ◽

Andreas B. Eder

Keyword(s):

Negative Priming ◽

Time Course ◽

Temporal Discrimination ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Simultaneous Presentation ◽

Probe Display ◽

Decay Function ◽

Rapid Decay ◽

Prime Display ◽

Prime Distractor

Negative priming (NP) refers to the finding that reaction times and errors increase when a previously ignored prime distractor is presented as a target. In a variant of this task, the prime display is composed of only a single masked distractor that is followed by the simultaneous presentation of a target and a distractor in the probe display. In one experiment, we explore the time-course of masked NP using different variations of the prime-probe interval (short, medium, and long), and compare the results with time-course investigations of unmasked NP. We found clear evidence for a rapid-decay function of masked NP: With an increase in the prime-probe interval, masked NP decreased. This result is in line with the predictions of the temporal discrimination account and retrieval accounts of NP.

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