Somatoform Dissociation Discriminates Among Diagnostic Categories Over and Above General Psychopathology

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellert R.S. Nijenhuis ◽  
Richard van Dyck ◽  
Philip Spinhoven ◽  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Marlene Chatrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Bipolar Mood Disorder ◽  
Somatoform Dissociation ◽  
Before And After

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that somatoform dissociation would differentiate among specific diagnostic categories after controlling for general psychopathology. Method: The Somatoform Dissocation Questionnaire (SDQ-20), the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90-R were completed by patients with DSM-IV diagnoses of dissociative disorders (n = 44), somatoform disorders (n = 47), eating disorders (n = 50), bipolar mood disorder (n = 23), and a group of consecutive psychiatric outpatients with other psychiatric disorders (n = 45), mainly including anxiety disorders, depression, and adjustment disorder. Results: The SDQ-20 significantly differentiated among diagnostic groups in the hypothesised order of increasing somatoform dissociation, both before and after statistically controlling for general psychopathology. Somatoform dissociation was extreme in dissociative identity disorder, high in dissociative disorder, not otherwise specified, and increased in somatoform disorders, as well as in a subgroup of patients with eating disorders. In contrast with somatoform dissociation, psychological dissociation did not discriminate between bipolar mood disorder and somato form disorders. Conclusions: Somatoform dissociation is a unique construct that discriminates among diagnostic categories. It is highly characteristic of dissociative disorder patients, a core feature in many patients with somatoform disorders, and an important symptom cluster in a subgroup of patients with eating disorders., dissociation

scholarly journals Dissociative pathology discriminates between bipolar mood disorder and dissociative disorder

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. S. Nijenhuis ◽  
P. Spinhoven ◽  
R. van Dyck ◽  
O. van der Hart ◽  
A. de Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Mood Disorder

scholarly journals Effects of Cognitive-behavioral and Psychodynamic-interpersonal Treatments for Eating Disorders: a Meta-analytic Inquiry Into the Role of Patient Characteristics and Change in Eating Disorder-specific and General Psychopathology in Remission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Tore Moberg ◽  
Birgitte Solvang ◽  
Rannveig Grøm Sæle ◽  
Anna Dahl Myrvang
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Event Rates

Abstract Background: Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapies (PIT) are the most used outpatient treatments for eating disorders. Knowledge about the outcomes of these therapies in terms of remission is limited. Also, there is a lack of knowledge about how different therapeutic changes and patient characteristic affects outcomes. Method: Reports on the effects of CBT and PIT for eating disorders were searched. Rates of remission and changes in eating disorder specific and general psychopathology were computed and meta-analytically synthesized. Regression models were made to predict summary event rates by patient characteristics and changes in specific and general psychopathology. Results: Only CBT produced remission rates (34.2%) significantly different from waitlist conditions, and only CBT led to significantly greater change in specific psychopathology than waitlist/nutritional counseling conditions. However, CBT and PIT were equally effective in changing general psychopathology. For CBT, change in specific psychopathology predicted remission only when controlling for differences between diagnostic categories. Change in general psychopathology predicted remission only for PIT. The presence of comorbid personality disorder decreased the effect of CBT. Conclusions: A group of patients with eating disorders may require therapy aimed at strengthening deficits in self functions not easily ameliorable by cognitive behavioral techniques alone. However, although effective in changing specific and general psychopathology, PIT is not effective in producing behavioral change. Further research should be aimed at identifying treatment interventions that effectuate both behavioral change and strengthening self-functions to substitute eating-disordered behavior to meet psychological needs in the long-term.

scholarly journals General psychopathology links burden of recent life events and psychotic symptoms in a network approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda T. Betz ◽  
◽  
Nora Penzel ◽  
Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic ◽  
Marlene Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

AbstractRecent life events have been implicated in the onset and progression of psychosis. However, psychological processes that account for the association are yet to be fully understood. Using a network approach, we aimed to identify pathways linking recent life events and symptoms observed in psychosis. Based on previous literature, we hypothesized that general symptoms would mediate between recent life events and psychotic symptoms. We analyzed baseline data of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis and with recent-onset psychosis (n = 547) from the Personalised Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) study. In a network analysis, we modeled links between the burden of recent life events and all individual symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale before and after controlling for childhood trauma. To investigate the longitudinal associations between burden of recent life events and symptoms, we analyzed multiwave panel data from seven timepoints up to month 18. Corroborating our hypothesis, burden of recent life events was connected to positive and negative symptoms through general psychopathology, specifically depression, guilt feelings, anxiety and tension, even after controlling for childhood trauma. Longitudinal modeling indicated that on average, burden of recent life events preceded general psychopathology in the individual. In line with the theory of an affective pathway to psychosis, recent life events may lead to psychotic symptoms via heightened emotional distress. Life events may be one driving force of unspecific, general psychopathology described as characteristic of early phases of the psychosis spectrum, offering promising avenues for interventions.

Patients with depression, somatoform disorders, and eating disorders on the stages of change: Validation of a short version of the URICA.

Psychotherapy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Mander ◽  
Andreas Wittorf ◽  
Martin Teufel ◽  
Angelika Schlarb ◽  
Martin Hautzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Short Version

Personality characteristics of women before and after recovery from an eating disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
KELLY L. KLUMP ◽  
MICHAEL STROBER ◽  
CYNTHIA M. BULIK ◽  
LAURA THORNTON ◽  
CRAIG JOHNSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Axis I

Background. Previous studies of personality characteristics in women with eating disorders primarily have focused on women who are acutely ill. This study compares personality characteristics among women who are ill with eating disorders, recovered from eating disorders, and those without eating or other Axis I disorder pathology.Method. Female participants were assessed for personality characteristics using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): 122 with anorexia nervosa (AN; 77 ill, 45 recovered), 279 with bulimia nervosa (BN; 194 ill, 85 recovered), 267 with lifetime histories of both anorexia and bulimia nervosa (AN+BN; 194 ill, 73 recovered), 63 with eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS; 31 ill, 32 recovered), and 507 without eating or Axis I disorder pathology.Results. Women ill with all types of eating disorders exhibited several TCI score differences from control women, particularly in the areas of novelty-seeking, harm avoidance, self-directedness, and cooperativeness. Interestingly, women recovered from eating disorders reported higher levels of harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores than did normal control women.Conclusions. Women with eating disorders in both the ill and recovered state show higher levels of harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores than normal control women. Although findings suggest that disturbances may be trait-related and contribute to the disorders' pathogenesis, additional research with more representative community controls, rather than our pre-screened, normal controls, is needed to confirm these impressions.

scholarly journals Kleptomania, mood disorder and lithium

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Lopes Rocha ◽  
Maria Elizabete Guimarães Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
Bipolar Mood Disorder

Kleptomania has been found in association with major depression in a fairly large number of reports in recent years. We describe a patient with concurrent DSM-III-R Bipolar Mood Disorder and Kleptomania, whose symptoms remitted completely, apparently in response to lithium therapy, which raised the possibility that pharmacological treatment may benefit kleptomania. Further studies are needed to establish the possible relationship between kleptomania, mood disorders and lithium therapy.

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