scholarly journals ANTIBODY FORMATION INITIATED IN VITRO

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fishman ◽  
F. L. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Chamber Technique

The diffusion chamber technique permitted the demonstration of specific antibody formation in x-irradiated recipients of such chambers filled with normal lymph node cells and a cell-free homogenate of macrophages which had been incubated in intro with T2 bacteriophage. The activity of the cell-free homogenate was retained in its RNA fraction isolated by means of the phenol method. No antibody formation occurred if such RNA was treated with RNAase. On sucrose gradients (5 to 20 per cent), the active RNA was found to be present in the top third layer. The question of the possible presence of antigen complexed to the RNA is discussed.

scholarly journals Incomplete inhibition of HIV infection results in more HIV infected lymph node cells by reducing cell death

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurelle Jackson ◽  
Jessica Hunter ◽  
Sandile Cele ◽  
Isabella Markham Ferreira ◽  
Andrew C Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Infected Lymph Node ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Infected Cells

HIV has been reported to be cytotoxic in vitro and in lymph node infection models. Using a computational approach, we found that partial inhibition of transmissions of multiple virions per cell could lead to increased numbers of live infected cells. If the number of viral DNA copies remains above one after inhibition, then eliminating the surplus viral copies reduces cell death. Using a cell line, we observed increased numbers of live infected cells when infection was partially inhibited with the antiretroviral efavirenz or neutralizing antibody. We then used efavirenz at concentrations reported in lymph nodes to inhibit lymph node infection by partially resistant HIV mutants. We observed more live infected lymph node cells, but with fewer HIV DNA copies per cell, relative to no drug. Hence, counterintuitively, limited attenuation of HIV transmission per cell may increase live infected cell numbers in environments where the force of infection is high.

scholarly journals Incomplete inhibition of HIV infection results in more HIV infected lymph node cells by reducing cell death

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurelle Jackson ◽  
Jessica Hunter ◽  
Sandile Cele ◽  
Isabella Markham Ferreira ◽  
Andrew Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Infected Lymph Node ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Infected Cells

AbstractHIV has been reported to be cytotoxic in vitro and in lymph node infection models. Using a computational approach, we found that partial inhibition of transmission which involves multiple virions per cell could lead to increased numbers of live infected cells if the number of viral DNA copies remains above one after inhibition, as eliminating the surplus viral copies reduces cell death. Using a cell line, we observed increased numbers of live infected cells when infection was partially inhibited with the antiretroviral efavirenz or neutralizing antibody. We then used efavirenz at concentrations reported in lymph nodes to inhibit lymph node infection by partially resistant HIV mutants. We observed more live infected lymph node cells, but with fewer HIV DNA copies per cell, relative to no drug. Hence, counterintuitively, limited attenuation of HIV transmission per cell may increase live infected cell numbers in environments where the force of infection is high.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ANTIGENIC STIMULATION ON INCORPORATION OF PHOSPHATE AND METHIONINE INTO PROTEINS OF ISOLATED LYMPH NODE CELLS

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Kern ◽  
Herman N. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Antigenic Stimulation ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Phosphate Incorporation ◽  
In Cells

Isolated lymph node cells incorporate inorganic orthophosphate into a protein fraction. The phosphorylated product is a phosphoprotein. The rate of phosphate incorporation into phosphoprotein was determined in cells isolated from regional lymph nodes at varying times after antigen injection. The rate was unaltered on the 3rd day, but was enhanced on the 4th day after injection. Parallel results were obtained with L-methionine incorporation into the same gross protein fraction. Possible relationships between antibody formation and the observed enhancement in phosphate incorporation into phosphoprotein are discussed.

Visualizing antibody production in a human lymph node in a dish

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (578) ◽  
pp. eabg5638
Author(s):  
Gerald P. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
In Vitro Modeling ◽  
Human Lymph Node

Development of a human lymphoid organoid system enables in vitro modeling of immune responses and antibody formation.

Effect of Interleukin-l?? on the In Vitro Activation of Tumor-Draining Lymph Node Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
James M. Hammel ◽  
Melissa K. Tuck ◽  
Jon M. Hain ◽  
Alfred E. Chang ◽  
Vernon K. Sondak
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Adoptive Immunotherapy ◽  
In Vitro Activation ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Draining Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Draining Lymph Node
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