scholarly journals INCOMPLETE SIMIAN PAPOVAVIRUS SV40

1964 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Melnick ◽  
Sara E. Stinebaugh ◽  
Fred Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Viral Protein ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antigenic Protein ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Infected Cells

A study was made of the effects of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) on the replication of the simian papovavirus SV40 in cercopithecus monkey kidney cells and on the production of virus antigen by these cells. Both drugs markedly suppressed the production of new infectious virus by SV40-infected cells. Synthesis of viral protein was also markedly suppressed by FUDR, but not by FU. In the presence of FU, infected cells produced large amounts of viral protein which were detected by the fluorescent antibody technique. The antigen was not distributed in a particulate fashion as in untreated cells. Diffuse virus antigen was observed in the nuclei of FU-treated cells, resembling the distribution of antigen near the end of the eclipse period in untreated, infected cultures. This stage of antigen production presumably preceded viral assembly. Virus particles with or without cores were rarely seen with the electron microscope in infected FU-treated cells, although large numbers of SV40 particles were readily visualized in untreated, infected cells. It appears that at least one antigenic protein of this papovavirus is synthesized abundantly in FU-treated cells, but is not assembled into virus shells in the presence of the inhibitor.

scholarly journals INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF TYPE 4 ADENOVIRUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana S. Boyer ◽  
Floyd W. Denny ◽  
Harold S. Ginsberg
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Nuclear Changes ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Intracellular Antigen

HeLa cell cultures infected with adenovirus type 4 were studied by light and phase-contrast microscopy and by the fluorescent antibody technique for visualization of intracellular antigen. The findings were correlated with the growth curve of infectious virus, determined from companion cultures. The results indicated that those cells undergoing characteristic structural changes observable by light microscopy were those which contain viral antigen. The distribution of the majority of the antigen within the infected cells corresponded to that of the regularly aligned granules and crystal-like masses seen in the nuclei of cells in stained and in unfixed cultures. The production of infectious virus was closely correlated with the development of the characteristic nuclear changes.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ANTIBODY ON INTRACELLULAR PARASITISM OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES IN VITRO

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus Gelzer ◽  
Emanuel Suter
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Infected Cells

The effect of antibody on the fate of Salmonella typhimurium within mononuclear phagocytes (MN) of rabbits was studied in vitro. Monocytes and bacteria were incubated either in absence or presence of antibody. After 45 minutes during which phagocytosis occurred infected cells were washed to remove extracellular bacilli and free antibody. The cells were then reincubated in a medium without addition of antibody, and the interaction between the MN and bacteria was followed, correlating bacterial viability and the morphology of the mixture. The following results were obtained. The anti-Salmonella antibody was not bactericidal even in presence of complement and did not enhance phagocytosis. Regardless of whether antibody was present or absent during phagocytosis, the bacteria appeared to multiply within the cells. When no antibody was present during phagocytosis the infected cells were severely damaged within a few hours of incubation, and extensive extracellular multiplication was dominating. When antibody was present during phagocytosis MN packed with bacteria persisted for a long time. Little or no extracellular growth occurred. It was possible to demonstrate the presence of the antibody within the infected MN, using the fluorescent antibody technique. The antibody appeared as a coat around the bacteria. Antibody entered the cells only during phagocytosis, presumably attached to the bacteria. The active factor of the immune serum was found in the gamma globulin fraction and reacted specifically with the somatic antigen of Salmonella typhimurium. The antiflagellar portion of the antiserum was not involved in the phenomenon described. It is concluded that this antibody protects monocytes against the effect of intracellularly located Salmonella.

scholarly journals Design and Construction of an Apparatus for the Growth of Micro Cell Cultures on Standard Glass Microscope Slides and Its Application for Screening Large Numbers of Sera by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Michael J. P. Lawman ◽  
Ian S. Caie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Standard Glass ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Glass Microscope

A simple stainless-steel apparatus was designed to contain standard microscope slides on which were grown micro cell cultures in the form of 16 individual monolayers per slide. The application of this apparatus for the screening of serum samples by fluorescent antibody techniques is described.

Demonstration of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus Antigen in Paraffin Sections

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Miller ◽  
Martin J. Van Der Maaten
Keyword(s):  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Avidin Biotin Complex ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

Nine pregnant heifers were inoculated intravenously with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) in the sixth month of pregnancy. Tissues were collected from the fetus of a heifer killed 13 days postinoculation (PI), from fetuses of 6 heifers that aborted 16–27 days PI, and from mummified fetuses of 2 heifers that aborted 53 and 85 days PI, respectively. Control tissues were obtained from the fetus of a non-inoculated heifer that was killed in the seventh month of gestation. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and examined for viral antigen by immunohistochemistry, using biotinylated second antibody and alkaline phosphatase-labeled avidin-biotin complex. Antigen was detected in at least 1 tissue from the fetus of each inoculated heifer. Positive tissues included lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, and placenta. In several fetuses, antigen was identified in tissues from which virus was not isolated in cell culture. This appeared to occur when tissues had only a few small foci of infection or when tissues were severely autolyzed. The observation of viral antigen in tissues from mummified fetuses indicates that this technique may be useful in diagnostic laboratories to detect IBRV infection in tissues that are not suitable for virus isolation or for examination by the cryostat tissue section-fluorescent antibody technique.

Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Ikuta ◽  
Y. Ebie ◽  
A. Hirata ◽  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

Rubella Antibodies in Human Serum: Detection by the Indirect Fluorescent-Antibody Technique

Science ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 145 (3635) ◽  
pp. 943-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Brown ◽  
H. F. Maassab ◽  
J. A. Veronelli ◽  
T. J. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Serum Detection
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