Demonstration of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus Antigen in Paraffin Sections

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Miller ◽  
Martin J. Van Der Maaten
Keyword(s):  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Avidin Biotin Complex ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

Nine pregnant heifers were inoculated intravenously with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) in the sixth month of pregnancy. Tissues were collected from the fetus of a heifer killed 13 days postinoculation (PI), from fetuses of 6 heifers that aborted 16–27 days PI, and from mummified fetuses of 2 heifers that aborted 53 and 85 days PI, respectively. Control tissues were obtained from the fetus of a non-inoculated heifer that was killed in the seventh month of gestation. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and examined for viral antigen by immunohistochemistry, using biotinylated second antibody and alkaline phosphatase-labeled avidin-biotin complex. Antigen was detected in at least 1 tissue from the fetus of each inoculated heifer. Positive tissues included lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, and placenta. In several fetuses, antigen was identified in tissues from which virus was not isolated in cell culture. This appeared to occur when tissues had only a few small foci of infection or when tissues were severely autolyzed. The observation of viral antigen in tissues from mummified fetuses indicates that this technique may be useful in diagnostic laboratories to detect IBRV infection in tissues that are not suitable for virus isolation or for examination by the cryostat tissue section-fluorescent antibody technique.

Demonstration of western equine encephalitis virus in mouse brain by immunofluorescence

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1167-1169
Author(s):  
L. B. Hayles ◽  
J. R. Saunders ◽  
C. H. Bigland
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Western Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Structural Architecture ◽  
Western Equine Encephalitis

Brains of mice infected with western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus were fixed in Carnoy's fluid at 4 °C and transferred through chloroform to paraffin. The procedure gave excellent preservation of structural architecture and viral antigen. The latter was demonstrated in sections by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in which Evans blue was used as a counterstain. The technique proved to be rapid, simple, and reliable for the identification of WEE virus in mouse brain.

scholarly journals INCOMPLETE SIMIAN PAPOVAVIRUS SV40

1964 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Melnick ◽  
Sara E. Stinebaugh ◽  
Fred Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Viral Protein ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antigenic Protein ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Infected Cells

A study was made of the effects of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) on the replication of the simian papovavirus SV40 in cercopithecus monkey kidney cells and on the production of virus antigen by these cells. Both drugs markedly suppressed the production of new infectious virus by SV40-infected cells. Synthesis of viral protein was also markedly suppressed by FUDR, but not by FU. In the presence of FU, infected cells produced large amounts of viral protein which were detected by the fluorescent antibody technique. The antigen was not distributed in a particulate fashion as in untreated cells. Diffuse virus antigen was observed in the nuclei of FU-treated cells, resembling the distribution of antigen near the end of the eclipse period in untreated, infected cultures. This stage of antigen production presumably preceded viral assembly. Virus particles with or without cores were rarely seen with the electron microscope in infected FU-treated cells, although large numbers of SV40 particles were readily visualized in untreated, infected cells. It appears that at least one antigenic protein of this papovavirus is synthesized abundantly in FU-treated cells, but is not assembled into virus shells in the presence of the inhibitor.

scholarly journals Findings of bacterial microflora in piglets infected with conventional swine plague

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Jasna Prodanov ◽  
Radoslav Dosen
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique

Piglets infected with the conventional swine plague virus as a result of secondary bacterial infections sometimes show an insufficiently clear clinical and pathoanatomical picture, which is why the very procedure of diagnosis is complex and the final diagnosis unreliable. That is why these investigations were aimed at examining the presence of bacterial microflora in diseased and dead pilgets which were found to have the viral antigen for CSP using the fluorescent antibody technique, in cases where the pathomorphological finding was not characteristic for conventional swine plague. Autopsies of dead piglets most often showed changes in the digestive tract and lungs, with resulting technopathy and diseases of infective nature. Such findings on knowledge of a present bacterial microflora are especially important in cases when conventional swine plague is controlled on farms and an announcement that the disease has been contained is in the offing.

Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Ikuta ◽  
Y. Ebie ◽  
A. Hirata ◽  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

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