scholarly journals ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1571-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Virelizier ◽  
Anthony C. Allison ◽  
Geoffrey C. Schild
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Antibody Secretion

Mice immunized sequentially with two related influenza virus hemagglutinins (HA) produced a secondary antibody response with two different specificities. Some antibodies were specific for determinants common to both HA's. Paradoxically, some antibodies were directed to determinants existing only in the HA first encountered. Primed spleen cells treated with anti-θ serum and complement were transferred from animals immunized with the first HA to either normal, irradiated, or thymus-deprived recipients. These memory cells were boosted in the recipients with either the homologous or the heterologous cross-reacting HA. B-memory lymphocytes were shown to be directly triggered by both HA's and to be able to secrete, independently of T lymphocytes, antibodies to both kinds of determinants. However, T cells were shown to modulate this secondary response by either enhancing or suppressing antibody secretion by B-memory cells, depending on experimental conditions. These results are discussed in terms of antigen recognition by B cells and of kinetics of development of immunological memory.

scholarly journals Idiotypy of clonal responses to influenza virus hemagglutinin.

1981 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 1525-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y N Liu ◽  
C A Bona ◽  
J L Schulman
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
The Cross

Anti-idiotype antisera were raised in syngeneic (BALB/c mice) and homologous (A/J mice) systems to study the cross-reactive idiotypes among monoclonal antibodies to PR8 and B/Lee virus HA and the expression of these idiotypes during primary and secondary antiviral responses of BALB/c mice. Extensive idiotypic cross-reactivity was demonstrated among monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct antigenic determinants on PR8 hemagglutinin (HA). The study of idiotypy of monoclonal antibodies against the same or overlapping antigenic determinants on B/Lee HA showed that these monoclonal antibodies may bear (a) a true individual idiotype not shared by other monoclonal antibodies, (b) idiotypes shared by few monoclonal antibodies, and (c) true cross-reactive idiotypes shared by all of these monoclonal antibodies. In contrast, no cross-reactive idiotypes were detectable among monoclonal antibodies to B/Lee HA and monoclonal antibodies to PR8 HA. Furthermore, we have shown that the anti-idiotype antibodies we used recognize determinants on monoclonal antibodies closely associated with antigenic binding sites. Finally, studies of the idiotypes expressed during primary and secondary antiviral HA responses of mice immunized with B/Lee virus revealed persistence of some idiotypes during both primary and secondary responses, whereas others were only expressed in the primary or secondary response.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Replication and Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses of H2 Subtype Influenza Viruses in Mice and Ferrets

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (15) ◽  
pp. 7695-7702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace L. Chen ◽  
Elaine W. Lamirande ◽  
Chin-Fen Yang ◽  
Hong Jin ◽  
George Kemble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Reactive Antibody

ABSTRACT H2 influenza viruses have not circulated in humans since 1968, and therefore a large segment of the population would likely be susceptible to infection should H2 influenza viruses reemerge. The development of an H2 pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidate should therefore be considered a priority in pandemic influenza preparedness planning. We selected a group of geographically and temporally diverse wild-type H2 influenza viruses and evaluated the kinetics of replication and compared the ability of these viruses to induce a broadly cross-reactive antibody response in mice and ferrets. In both mice and ferrets, A/Japan/305/1957 (H2N2), A/mallard/NY/1978 (H2N2), and A/swine/MO/2006 (H2N3) elicited the broadest cross-reactive antibody responses against heterologous H2 influenza viruses as measured by hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. These data suggested that these three viruses may be suitable candidates for development as live attenuated H2 pandemic influenza virus vaccines.

Assessment of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stalk-Specific Antibody Responses

2018 ◽  
pp. 487-511
Author(s):  
Wen-Chun Liu ◽  
Raffael Nachbagauer ◽  
Florian Krammer ◽  
Randy A. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin

Increasing doses of purified influenza virus hemagglutinin and subvirion vaccines enhance antibody responses in the elderly.

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Keitel ◽  
T R Cate ◽  
R L Atmar ◽  
C S Turner ◽  
D Nino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin

Antibody responses to DNA vaccination of horses using the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene

Vaccine ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 2245-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P Lunn ◽  
G Soboll ◽  
B.R Schram ◽  
J Quass ◽  
M.W McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Dna Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
Hemagglutinin Gene

Deacylation of influenza virus hemagglutinin does not affect the kinetics of low pH induced membrane fusion

1996 ◽  
Vol 431 (S6) ◽  
pp. R257-R258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Schroth ◽  
Hans C. Philipp ◽  
Michael Veit ◽  
Michael F. G. Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Induced Membrane ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Outflanking immunodominance to target subdominant broadly neutralizing epitopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (27) ◽  
pp. 13474-13479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Angeletti ◽  
Ivan Kosik ◽  
Jefferson J. S. Santos ◽  
William T. Yewdell ◽  
Carolyn M. Boudreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
Variable Head ◽  
Draining Lymph Node ◽  
Antibody Class ◽  
Neutralizing Epitopes ◽  
Immunodominant Epitopes

A major obstacle to vaccination against antigenically variable viruses is skewing of antibody responses to variable immunodominant epitopes. For influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), the immunodominance of the variable head impairs responses to the highly conserved stem. Here, we show that head immunodominance depends on the physical attachment of head to stem. Stem immunogenicity is enhanced by immunizing with stem-only constructs or by increasing local HA concentration in the draining lymph node. Surprisingly, coimmunization of full-length HA and stem alters stem-antibody class switching. Our findings delineate strategies for overcoming immunodominance, with important implications for human vaccination.

scholarly journals CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF MICE

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Shearer ◽  
G. Cudkowicz ◽  
Mary St. James Connell ◽  
R. L. Priore
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Antibody Class

Spleen cell suspensions of unprimed donor mice containing precursors of immunocytes have been transplanted into X-irradiated recipient mice. In the presence of antigen (sheep erythrocytes) these precursors, called antigen-sensitive units, gave rise to progeny cells secreting specific antibody. We studied quantitatively the production of cells releasing IgM hemolysins (direct plaque-forming cells), IgG hemolysins (indirect plaque-forming cells), and hemagglutinins (cluster-forming cells). We found that each of these immunocyte populations was distinct, i.e., that cells releasing agglutinins did not, as a rule, release hemolysins, and vice versa. We also found that cell populations secreting IgM hemolysins did not shift, under certain experimental conditions, to the production of IgG hemolysins during the primary immune response. By transplanting graded numbers of spleen cells, we succeeded in limiting to one or a few the number of antigen-sensitive units that reached the recipient spleen. We estimated thereby the frequency of antigen-sensitive units in donor cell suspensions and tested their potential for production of immunocytes of more than one type. Our results indicated that antigen-sensitive units were unipotent for they displayed in the spleens of unprimed donors the same restrictions of function and heterogeneity (antibody-specificity differentiation, antibody-class differentiation) found among antibody-forming cells. Furthermore, antigen-sensitive precursors for direct plaque-forming cells, indirect plaque-forming cells, and cluster-forming cells were detected in the spleens of unprimed mice in different frequencies, i.e., 1 in ∼ 106, 1 in ∼ 7 x 106, and 1 in ∼ 19 x 106 spleen cells, respectively. We concluded that relatively advanced differentiation of potentially competent cells occurs before sheep erythrocyte administration. The relevance of this finding for the broad spectrum of immunologic reactivities and for the heterogeneity of antibody responses to given antigens was discussed.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ANTIBODY CLASS IN A SYSTEM OF COOPERATING ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Schirrmacher ◽  
Klaus Rajewsky
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Response ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Class Distribution ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Antibody Induction ◽  
Antibody Class ◽  
Secondary Antibodies ◽  
Secondary Injection

19S and 7S memory is analyzed in a system of cooperating antigenic determinants. Cooperation occurs in the induction of both 19S and 7S secondary antibodies, and for both responses carrier specificity can be entirely accounted for by presensitization of the animal to carrier determinants. The class distribution of secondary anti-hapten antibody depends on the dose of the hapten primary-carrier conjugate used for priming, and on the time interval between priming with the hapten primary-carrier conjugate and secondary injection. The conditions of priming with the secondary carrier influence the extent of the secondary response but not the class distribution of secondary antibody. The data confirm the cooperation hypothesis of antibody induction. Specifically, we interpret them to mean that in hapten-carrier cooperation, the hapten-specific memory cells are predetermined for the class of the emerging antibodies. Together with the hapten-specific memory cells, the carrier-specific helpers are responsible for the extent of the secondary response.

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