scholarly journals Sendai virus-specific, H-2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses of nude mice grafted with allogeneic or semi-allogeneic thymus glands.

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 1805-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Lake ◽  
M E Andrew ◽  
C W Pierce ◽  
T J Braciale
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Parental Haplotype ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Ctl Responses

The in vitro secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to Sendai virus-treated stimulator cells by primed spleen cells from thymus gland-grafted nude mice was examined. BALB/c (H-2d) nude mice grafted with allogeneic C57BL/10 (H-2b) thymus glands developed CTL responses directed exclusively to Sendai virus-infected H-2d target cells. (C57BL/6 X BALB/c)F1 nude mice grafted with thymus glands of either parent developed CTL responses preferentially against infected target cells expressing the MHC antigens present in the parental thymus graft, but also had detectable activity for infected target cells of the parental haplotype not expressed in the thymus. These results provide evidence against the concept that self recognition by MHC-restricted CTL is directed exclusively by the MCH type of the thymus.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by chimeric thymocytes. Self-recognition is determined early in T cell development.

1981 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Kruisbeek ◽  
R J Hodes ◽  
A Singer
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Receptor Repertoire ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Bone Marrow Chimeras

In this study the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition pattern of thymocytes from recently reconstituted parent leads to F1 and F1 leads to parent radiation bone marrow chimeras was investigated. Chimeric thymocytes were entirely of donor origin approximately 4 wk after irradiation and reconstitution but were not capable of autonomously generating either alloreactive or trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified-self-reactive CTL responses. However, in the presence of interleukin-2 (I1-2), the the putative T helper cell product, CTL could be generated in vitro by thymocytes from recently reconstituted chimeras. Experiments with thymocytes from A leads to A X B and A X B leads to A chimeras revealed the following: (a) thymocytes from both types of chimeras were nonreactive to either A or B parental major-histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants even though they were alloreactive to third-party stimulator cells; and (b) thymocytes from these chimeras were restricted to the recognition of TNP in association with MHC determinants syngeneic to the chimeric host. Thus, these experiments demonstrate that even at the earliest time CTL effectors of donor origin from the thymuses of chimeras can be studied, their self-receptor repertoire has already been restricted to recognition of host MHC determinants. These results support the concept that the host environment influences the self-recognition capacity of T cells at the pre- or intrathymic stage of differentiation.

scholarly journals Early HIV-1 Envelope-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses in Vertically Infected Infants

1997 ◽  
Vol 185 (7) ◽  
pp. 1153-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Pikora ◽  
John L. Sullivan ◽  
Dennis Panicali ◽  
Katherine Luzuriaga
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Early Isolate ◽  
Hiv 1

High frequencies of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) recognizing HIV-1 laboratory strain gene products have been detected in adults within weeks of primary infection. In contrast, HIV-1–specific CTLp are uncommonly detected in infants younger than 6 mo. To address the hypothesis that the use of target cells expressing laboratory strain env gene products might limit the detection of HIV-1 env-specific CTLp in early infancy, recombinant vaccinia vectors (vv) expressing HIV-1 env genes from early isolates of four vertically infected infants were generated. The frequencies of CTLp recognizing target cells infected with vv-expressing env gene products from early isolates and HIV-1 IIIB were serially measured using limiting dilution followed by in vitro stimulation with mAb to CD3. In one infant, the detection of early isolate env-specific CTLp preceded the detection of IIIB-specific CTLp. CTLp recognizing HIV-1 IIIB and infant isolate env were detected by 6 mo of age in two infants. In a fourth infant, HIV-1 IIIB env and early isolate env-specific CTLp were simultaneously detected at 12 mo of age. These results provide evidence that young infants can generate HIV-1–specific CTL responses and provide support for the concept of neonatal vaccination to prevent HIV-1 transmission. However, the early predominance of type-specific CTL detected in some young infants suggests that the use of vaccines based on laboratory strains of HIV-1 may not protect against vertical infection.

In vitro effects of malathion and O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen E. Rodgers ◽  
Marcia H. Grayson ◽  
Toshiko Imamura ◽  
Bruce H. Devens
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

scholarly journals Protection against graft vs. host-associated immunosuppression in F1 mice. I. Activation of F1 regulatory cells by host-specific anti-major histocompatibility complex antibodies.

1981 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1922-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Hurtenbach ◽  
D H Sachs ◽  
G M Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Parental Haplotype ◽  
Ctl Responses

Injection of parental spleen cells into unirradiated F1 hybrid mice results in suppression of the potential to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro. In an attempt to protect the F1 mice from immunosuppression, the recipients were injected with antibodies specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded antigens of the F1 mice 24 h before inoculation of the parental spleen cells. 8-14 d later, the generation of CTL responses in vitro against H-2 alloantigens was tested. Alloantiserum directed against either parental haplotype of the F1 strain markedly diminished the suppression of CTL activity. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies recognizing H-2 or Ia antigens protected the F2 mice from parental spleen cell-induced suppression. Although this study has been limited to reagents that recognize host H-2 determinants, these findings do not necessarily imply that protection against graft vs. host (GvH) can be achieved only with anti-MHC antibodies. However, protection was observed only by antibodies reactive with F1 antigens, and small amounts of the alloantibodies were sufficient to diminish CTL suppression. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from syngeneic F1 mice treated with anti-h-2a alloantiserum 24 h previously provided protection equal to that of injection of the recipients with alloantibodies. The cells necessary for this effect were shown to be T cells and to be radiosensitive to 2000 rad. This cell population is induced by antisera against F1 cell surface antigens and effectively counteracts GvH-associated immuno-suppression.

scholarly journals Lentivirus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses Are Rapidly Lost in Thymectomized Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 8237-8242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Hayes ◽  
Sadi Köksoy ◽  
Andrew J. Phipps ◽  
Wayne R. Buck ◽  
Gary J. Kociba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Plasma Virus Load ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Ctl Responses

ABSTRACT To what extent the thymus is needed to preserve the virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response of lentivirus-infected adults is unclear. Presented here is the first definitive study using thymectomized (ThX) animals to directly evaluate the contribution of thymic function to lentivirus-specific CTL response and the control of lentivirus infections. ThX and mock-ThX cats were inoculated with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and monitored for their FIV-specific CTL responses. Early in infection, both FIV-ThX and FIV-mock-ThX cats produced similar CTL responses, but surprisingly, after 20 weeks, the FIV-ThX cats showed a statistically significant loss of FIV-specific CTL activity, while FIV-infected cats with intact thymuses continued to maintain FIV-specific CTL. The loss of CTL did not affect plasma virus load, which remained elevated for both groups. These results emphasize the importance of thymic integrity in maintaining immunity to lentiviruses, but also bring into question the notion that virus load is regulated predominantly by the virus-specific CTL response.

scholarly journals Evolution of Vaccinia Virus-Specific CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Primary Vaccinees and Revaccinees

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R. Tenorio ◽  
Mark E. Peeples ◽  
Manokiran Patri ◽  
Katayoun Rezai ◽  
Gordon M. Trenholme
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Visual Confirmation ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Ctl Responses

ABSTRACT Determination of successful vaccination with vaccinia virus is based on visual confirmation of a dermal response (take). Some revaccinees do not manifest a take, which may be due to a preexisting immunity rather than to poor technique or inadequate virus. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response appears to be the most important immune defense in limiting response to vaccination. We evaluated vaccinia virus-specific CTL responses in revaccinees. Subjects with and without takes displayed comparable CTL responses. Vaccinia virus-specific CD8+ CTL responses may be useful in interpreting the response to vaccination, particularly in individuals who are revaccinated and have difficult-to-interpret visual takes.

scholarly journals Papillomavirus Pseudovirus: a Novel Vaccine To Induce Mucosal and Systemic Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (21) ◽  
pp. 10139-10148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shi ◽  
Jianzhong Liu ◽  
Yujun Huang ◽  
Liang Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Adjuvant Effect ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Ctl Responses

ABSTRACT Intestinal mucosa is a portal for many infectious pathogens. Systemic immunization, in general, does not induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response at the mucosal surface. Because papillomavirus (PV) naturally infects mucosa and skin, we determined whether PV pseudovirus, i.e., PV-like particles in which unrelated DNA plasmids are packaged, could generate specific mucosal immunity. We found that the pseudovirus that encoded the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus gp33 epitope induced a stronger CTL response than a DNA vaccine (plasmid) encoding the same epitope given systemically. The virus-like particles that were used to make the pseudoviruses provided an adjuvant effect for induction of CTLs by the DNA vaccine. The PV pseudovirus pseudoinfected mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues when administered orally. Oral immunization with the pseudovirus encoding human PV type 16 mutant E7 induced mucosal and systemic CTL responses. In comparison, a DNA vaccine encoding E7, when given orally, did not induce a CTL response in intestinal mucosal lymphoid tissue. Further, oral immunization with the human PV pseudovirus encoding E7 protected mice against mucosal challenge with an E7-expressing bovine PV pseudovirus. Thus, PV pseudovirus can be used as a novel vaccine to induce mucosal and systemic CTL responses.

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