scholarly journals Guinea pigs sublethally infected with aerosolized Legionella pneumophila develop humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and are protected against lethal aerosol challenge. A model for studying host defense against lung infections caused by intracellular pathogens.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Breiman ◽  
M A Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

We have employed the guinea pig model of L. pneumophila infection, which mimics Legionnaires' disease in humans both clinically and pathologically, to study humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to L. pneumophila and to examine protective immunity after aerosol exposure, the natural route of infection. Guinea pigs exposed to sublethal concentrations of L. pneumophila by aerosol developed strong humoral immune responses. By the indirect fluorescent antibody assay, exposed guinea pigs had a median serum antibody titer (expressed as the reciprocal of the highest positive dilution) of 32, whereas control guinea pigs had a median titer of less than 1. Sublethally infected (immunized) guinea pigs also developed strong cell-mediated immune responses. In response to L. pneumophila antigens, splenic lymphocytes from immunized but not control animals proliferated strongly in vitro, as measured by their capacity to incorporate [3H]thymidine. Moreover, immunized but not control guinea pigs developed strong cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity to intradermally injected L. pneumophila antigens. Sublethally infected (immunized) guinea pigs exhibited strong protective immunity to L. pneumophila. In two independent experiments, all 22 immunized guinea pigs survived aerosol challenge with one or three times the lethal dose of L. pneumophila whereas none of 16 sham-immunized control guinea pigs survived (p less than 0.0001 in each experiment). Immunized guinea pigs were not protected significantly from challenge with 10 times the lethal dose. Immunized but not control animals cleared the bacteria from their lungs. This study demonstrates that guinea pigs sublethally infected with L. pneumophila by the aerosol route develop strong humoral immune responses to this pathogen, develop strong cell-mediated immune responses and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity to L. pneumophila antigens, are protected against subsequent lethal aerosol challenge, and are able to clear the bacteria from their lungs. The guinea pig model of L. pneumophila pulmonary infection is as an excellent one for studying general principles of host defense against pulmonary infections caused by intracellular pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of experimental zinc deficiency and repletion on some immunological variables in guinea-pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Verma ◽  
R. P. Gupta ◽  
J. R. Sadana ◽  
R. K. Paul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Disordered Protein ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

1. Cellular and humoral immune responses were studied in guinea-pigs fed on zinc-deficient (ZnD), Zn-adequate (control) and Zn-replete diets containing 1·25, 50 and 100 mg Zn/kg diet respectively.2. It was found that the ZnD guinea-pigs had significantly decreased ability to elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against sheep erythrocytes as compared with controls on the 9th day of immunization. This was further substantiated by histological examination of DTH-positive skin sections.3. A significant reduction in direct splenic plaque-forming-cell response and haemagglutinating-antibody titre was also observed in ZnD guinea-pigs.4. Serum electrophoretic studies revealed a highly disordered protein profile with a significantly depressed value for γ-globulin.5. Zn repletion of the previously ZnD group resulted in marked, though incomplete, restoration of immunological responses.

scholarly journals Correlates of Immune Protection following Cutaneous Immunization with an Attenuated Burkholderia pseudomallei Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 4626-4634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ediane B. Silva ◽  
Andrew Goodyear ◽  
Marjorie D. Sutherland ◽  
Nicole L. Podnecky ◽  
Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

ABSTRACTInfections with the Gram-negative bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomallei(melioidosis) are associated with high mortality, and there is currently no approved vaccine to prevent the development of melioidosis in humans. Infected patients also do not develop protective immunity to reinfection, and some individuals will develop chronic, subclinical infections withB. pseudomallei. At present, our understanding of what constitutes effective protective immunity againstB. pseudomalleiinfection remains incomplete. Therefore, we conducted a study to elucidate immune correlates of vaccine-induced protective immunity against acuteB. pseudomalleiinfection. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously with a highly attenuated, Select Agent-excludedpurMdeletion mutant ofB. pseudomallei(strain Bp82) and then subjected to intranasal challenge with virulentB. pseudomalleistrain 1026b. Immunization with Bp82 generated significant protection from challenge withB. pseudomallei, and protection was associated with a significant reduction in bacterial burden in lungs, liver, and spleen of immunized mice. Humoral immunity was critically important for vaccine-induced protection, as mice lacking B cells were not protected by immunization and serum from Bp82-vaccinated mice could transfer partial protection to nonvaccinated animals. In contrast, vaccine-induced protective immunity was found to be independent of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Tracking studies demonstrated uptake of the Bp82 vaccine strain predominately by neutrophils in vaccine-draining lymph nodes and by smaller numbers of dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes. We concluded that protection following cutaneous immunization with a live attenuatedBurkholderiavaccine strain was dependent primarily on generation of effective humoral immune responses.

scholarly journals Yersinia pestis caf1 Variants and the Limits of Plague Vaccine Protection

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 2025-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauriane E. Quenee ◽  
Claire A. Cornelius ◽  
Nancy A. Ciletti ◽  
Derek Elli ◽  
Olaf Schneewind
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Plague Vaccine ◽  
Highly Virulent

ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis, the highly virulent agent of plague, is a biological weapon. Strategies that prevent plague have been sought for centuries, and immunization with live, attenuated (nonpigmented) strains or subunit vaccines with F1 (Caf1) antigen is considered effective. We show here that immunization with live, attenuated strains generates plague-protective immunity and humoral immune responses against F1 pilus antigen and LcrV. Y. pestis variants lacking caf1 (F1 pili) are not only fully virulent in animal models of bubonic and pneumonic plague but also break through immune responses generated with live, attenuated strains or F1 subunit vaccines. In contrast, immunization with purified LcrV, a protein at the tip of type III needles, generates protective immunity against the wild-type and the fully virulent caf1 mutant strain, in agreement with the notion that LcrV can elicit vaccine protection against both types of virulent plague strains.

scholarly journals Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Expressing Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 gD Elicit Robust CD4+ Th1 Immune Responses and Are Protective in Mouse and Guinea Pig Models of Vaginal Challenge

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 4447-4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Natuk ◽  
David Cooper ◽  
Min Guo ◽  
Priscilla Calderon ◽  
Kevin J. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vectors offer an attractive approach for the induction of robust cellular and humoral immune responses directed against human pathogen target antigens. We evaluated rVSV vectors expressing full-length glycoprotein D (gD) from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in mice and guinea pigs for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against genital challenge with wild-type HSV-2. Robust Th1-polarized anti-gD immune responses were demonstrated in the murine model as measured by induction of gD-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and increased gamma interferon expression. The isotype makeup of the serum anti-gD immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was consistent with the presence of a Th1-CD4+ anti-gD response, characterized by a high IgG2a/IgG1 IgG subclass ratio. Functional anti-HSV-2 neutralizing serum antibody responses were readily demonstrated in both guinea pigs and mice that had been immunized with rVSV-gD vaccines. Furthermore, guinea pigs and mice were prophylactically protected from genital challenge with high doses of wild-type HSV-2. In addition, guinea pigs were highly protected against the establishment of latent infection as evidenced by low or absent HSV-2 genome copies in dorsal root ganglia after virus challenge. In summary, rVSV-gD vectors were successfully used to elicit potent anti-gD Th1-like cellular and humoral immune responses that were protective against HSV-2 disease in guinea pigs and mice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document