scholarly journals Michael Heidelberger and the demystification of antibodies

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Van Epps
Keyword(s):  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
Oswald Avery

Having defined the protein nature of antibodies under the tutelage of Oswald Avery, Michael Heidelberger was the first to apply mathematics to the reaction of antibodies and their antigens (the “precipitin reaction”). Heidelberger's calculations launched decades of research that helped reveal the specificity, function, and origin of antibodies.

scholarly journals A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall ◽  
R. D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Protein Nature

The soluble antigen of lymphocytic choriomeningitis which is readily separable from the virus is a relatively stable substance and appears to be of a protein nature. A specific precipitin reaction can be demonstrated when immune serum is added to solutions of antigen which have been freed of certain serologically inactive substances. The complement-fixation and precipitation reactions which occur in the presence of immune serum and non-infectious extracts of splenic tissue obtained from guinea pigs moribund with lymphocytic choriomeningitis seem to be manifestations of union of the same soluble antigen and its antibody. On the other hand, the antisoluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances appear to be different entities.

Progestin receptors in prolactin and growth hormone producing tumours in rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oddvar Naess ◽  
Egil Haug ◽  
Arne Attramadal ◽  
Kaare M. Gautvik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Progestin Receptors ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
Specific Receptors

Abstract. Progesterone and corticosterone have a similar effect on the production of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (Prl) by pituitary tumour cells (GH3 cells) in culture. Previously we have shown that progesterone has a high affinity for the glucocorticoid receptors in these cells. Progesterone may therefore exert its effects through binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the GH3 tumour cells and an oestrogen induced pituitary tumour, which also produce GH and Prl, possess specific receptors for progesterone. Both the GH3 tumours and the oestrogen induced pituitary tumour were in fact found to possess cytoplasmatic receptor molecules for progesterone by using the potent progestin R5020 as a marker. Isoelectric focusing revealed one binding component (pH 5.9), which was of protein nature. The binding was of high affinity (Kd 2 × 10−9 mol/l). In the oestrogen induced tumour, the maximal binding was 70 fmol/mg cytosol protein. In female rats with GH3 tumours the binding was 55 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Priming of the animals with 1 mg oestradiol-valerate increased the binding to 116 fmol/mg cytosol protein, whereas very little binding was found in GH3 tumours from rats castrated 7 days before sacrifice. The receptors in the oestrogen induced pituitary tumour and the GH3 tumours exhibited high affinity for R5020 and progesterone, whereas corticosterone had no significant affinity for the receptors. Using exchange assay, it was demonstrated that the cytoplasmic progestin receptors could be translocated to the nucleus after administration of progesterone to the animals. Thus, the presence of specific progesterone receptors, different from the glucocorticoid receptors, strongly indicates that the effects of progesterone on GH and Prl production are mediated through the progesterone receptors.

scholarly journals The Precipitin Reaction

Nature ◽  
1912 ◽  
Vol 88 (2208) ◽  
pp. 566-566
Keyword(s):  
Precipitin Reaction

scholarly journals Studies on Identification of the Klebsiella group by Precipitin Reaction

1971 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
Mannosuke TOMISAWA ◽  
Yoshiko HIRATA
Keyword(s):  
Precipitin Reaction

An Examination of Nostoc for Nuclear Materials

1927 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
F. A. MOCKERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
Growth Promoting

1. Although nucleic acid could not be extracted from Nostoc, all of its constituent radicles, viz. phosphate, pentose, adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil, were extracted in quantities sufficient to allow of identification. 2. This supports the view that chromatin, a substance of nucleo-protein nature, occurs in the cyanophycean cell, which contains no definite nucleus. 3. The writer suggests tentatively that in the absence of a highly organised nucleus delimited by a membrane, the nuclear materials may more readily diffuse out of the cell and exert a growth-promoting effect on neighbouring plants. This suggestion is supported by the fact that other enucleate organisms, as Saccharomyces and Azotobacter, which contain nucleic acid or its derivatives, show a marked growth-promoting effect on the green plant.

scholarly journals The Influence of Dextran on the Precipitin Reaction.

1964 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1303-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krister Hellsing ◽  
Torvard C. Laurent ◽  
Sören Rodmar ◽  
Bengt Nihlgård ◽  
Lennart Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Precipitin Reaction
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